1. Encode the following message in base64 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX 2. The following is a dump (contents) of a UDP header in hexadecimal format 0045DF XXXXXXXXXX a. what is the source port number? b. what...

Solution.pdf
SOLUTION OF NETWORKING

1. Encode the following message in base64
01010111 00001111 11110000
Binary: 010101 110000 111111 110000
Decimal: 21 48 63 48
Character: V w / w (encoded)
2. The following is a dump (contents) of a UDP header in
hexadecimal format
0045 DF00 0058 0000
a. What is the source port number?
The source port number is the first 4 hex digits,
i.e. (0045)16 = (69)10
b. What is the destination port number?
The destination port number is the second 4 hex digits,
i.e. (DF00)16 = (57088)10
c. What is the total length of the user datagram?
The total length of the user datagram is the third 4 hex digits,
i.e. (0058)16 = (88)10
d. What is the length of the data?
The length of the data = (the length of the whole packet)
- (the length of the header)
= 88 - 8
= 80
e. What is the application layer protocol?
There are 10 types of protocols.
1. TELNET
2. FTP
3. TFTP
4. NFS
5. SMTP
6. LPD
7. X Windows
8. SNMP
9. DNS
10. DHCP
3. Why does the network-layer protocol need to provide
packetizing service to the transport layer?
The network and The transport layer communication is between two
hosts. This means that each layer has a different source/destination
address pair; each layer needs a different header to accommodate these
pair of addresses.
4. List four types of delays in a packet-switch network.
In a packet-switched network, there are four types of delays –
a. Propagation time
b. Transmission time
c. Queuing time
d. Processing delay
Propagation time: It measures the time required for a bit to travel
from the source to the destination. The propagation time is calculated
by dividing the distance by the propagation...