HSH102


1 HSH102 Disease Prevention and Control AT2 Assignment title AT2: DPC Action Plan Assignment Question / Task: Case study of a contemporary disease issue in a population – intervention (action) responses Purpose: Completing this assessment task will enable you to develop knowledge of current interventions in place to address specific biological, and/orbehavioural, and/orenvironmental, and/or social determinants of a disease applied to a given context. It will also help you to develop your applied understanding of professional tools – relevant frameworks – to support DPC. It will also enable you to further develop your applied skills in sourcing reliable evidence from appropriate sources, interpreting health information, synthesizing data and information, and presenting information in a clear and concise way. Please refer to the Unit Guide for the Unit Learning Outcomes (ULOs) and Graduate Learning Outcomes (GLOs) you are developing and evidencing in this assignment. Weighting: 40% Word limit: 1500 words (+/- 10%). The word limit includes introduction, conclusion, body of the report; in-text citations; headings and sub-headings; any information contained in tables (if included/presented). The word limit excludes and of the following if included: title page; table of contents; list of abbreviations; final reference list; appendix. Due date: Friday, 20th May (week 10 of the trimester) Due time: 8.00pm Location: Assignment dropbox on CloudDeakin unit site Format: MS Word or PDF PDF conversion software is available here on Deakin Software Catalogue Topic background: This task extends on your AT1. For this task, you will use the same case study from your AT1 and the information you presented in AT1 about the determinants of a specific disease in a specific population. The task will require you to draw upon your AT1, as well as the additional knowledge, concepts and skills covered over weeks 7-9 of the trimester, to research and present a range of interventions (actions/activities) currently in place to address some of the issues/determinants you outlined in your AT1. http://software.deakin.edu.au/2017/03/25/dopdf-writer/ 2 Intervention for disease prevention and control in real life practice is guided by key frameworks (guildelines or strategic documents). Thus, this task will require you to relate your action plan to some of the key frameworks presented in the unit, or others that may be relevant to your case study (e.g. national strategies/frameworks relevant to the country/population of your case study, or any relevant to the specific disease of your case study). Assignment Task: Extending on your AT1, this task requires you to research and present three evidence-based interventions (actions/activities) that are currently being implemented in your case study context to address some of the determinants you outlined in your case study profile in AT1. Actions can be wide ranging, for example policies/legislation, community-based programs, screening and surveillance, immunisations or pharmacotherapy (drug treatments), etc. For each of the three evidence-based intervention presented, you should discuss: • A description of the intervention (what the intervention is/what it does). You could include a brief discussion of any limitations of the strategy here, if relevant. • A clear statement about which determint(s) the intervention links to and is addressing. • Who has responsibility for delivering the intervention. • What aspects of a relevant DPC framework(s) the intervention links to. You should provide specific examples here (e.g. “The intervention contributes to achieving objective x of xxx framework’). • You should cite references throughout your discussion to provide the evidence-base for the interventions. Instructions for this assessment task: Your report should begin with a brief introduction which states the aim/intention/struture of the report (i.e. what the report does or aims to present). You should then present and discuss three evidence-based interventions. It is recommended that you discuss each intervention in a separate paragraph. You can use sub-headings to support you e.g. Intervention one. This will also give your assignment clarity and structure. A suggested format is: • Title page (separate page) • Optional table of contents (separate page) • Introduction to the report (Brief paragraph, 50-100 words) - outlines the purpose/aim and structure of the report • Discussion of first evidence-based intervention (paragraph of 400-450 words) • Discussion of second evidence-based intervention (paragraph of 400-450 words) • Discussion of thrid evidence-based intervention (paragraph of 400-450 words) • Conclusion (brief paragraph, 50-100 words) • Reference list (separate page) • Any appendix (not compulsory or necessary for this task; only include if essential and used). if used, start each appendix on a separate page, clearly labelled with appenxic number and title. To give your report balance, it is recommended that you weight discussion of each intervention similarly (for example, about 400-450 words on each) as they are worth the same amount of marks (see marking rubric). Your introduction and conclusion should be about 50-100 words each. 3 AT2 FREQUENLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. What is an evidence-based intervention? An evidence-based intervention is one that has been ‘tried and tested’ and is reported in credible literature. It means that you are not just ‘making up ideas’ for your own interventions, but rather, looking to see what is credible real-life practice from the field. Thus, you need to search the literature (e.g. library databases and credible grey literature) for examples of appropriate interventions, and cite references in your discussion of interventions. 2. How long should each section be? To give your report balance, it is recommended that you weight the discussion of each intervention similarly; for example, approximately 400-450 words on each intervention. Each intervention is is worth the same amount of marks (see rubric). You should include a brief introduction and conclusion of 50 – 100 words each. 3. Which framework(s) can I use? For this task, you should focus on the frameworks presented in the unit. So, if you are doing one of the non-communicable disease topics, you could relate your strategies to one or more of the frameworks we covered in week 8. If you are are doing one of the communicable disease topics, you could relate your strategies to one of more of the frameworks we covered in week 9. It is likely that there are other frameworks (also sometimes called strategies) that are relevant to your specific case study disease and/or country/population. You are welcome to use any that you find that may be relevant. If you find an alternative framework that you would like to use, it is advisable that you first check this with your tutor to make sure that it is relevant and appropriate. 4. Should I relate each intervention to only one framework, or can I relate the intervention to parts of multiple frameworks if relevant? For this task, yes – you can relate an intervention to parts of various frameworks if relevant. In real life practice, you would ordinarily follow one framework to guide your intervention. However, through this unit and this assessment task we want you to become familiar with multiple frameworks that are used in the field. Therefore, you can use more than one framework in your discussion of a single intervention or your suite of interventions for this task. 5. Can I have multiple interventions that address the same determinant? Yes. For a hypothetical example, your first intervention might address the determinant of ‘access to health care’ that you outlined in AT1. Your second intervention might also address this same determinant, but it must be an entirely distinct and separate intervention. 6. Can I have one intervention that addresses multiple determinants? Yes. For a hypothetical example, you might discuss an intervention which addresses multiple inter-related determinants that you outlined in your AT1, such as issues of both access to health services and cultural appropriateness of health services. You can identify and discuss both these determinants when discussing your intervention. However, the intervention still only counts as one intervention, and you would still need to discuss three separate interventions in total. The focus of this task is on the suite of three interventions discussed, not the number of determinants addressed. 4 7. How many references do I need for this assignment? There is no set number. However, for a strong discussion throughout your assignment, it is expected that you would have 2-3 references in the discussion of each intervention. This would include references for your evidence-base, as well as references to the appropriate framework(s). You may cite the same references for multiple interventions, but you should try to search widely in the literature where possible to expand your literature/evidence-base to strengthen your discussion.
Answered Same DayMay 23, 2022

Answer To: HSH102

Manisha answered on May 24 2022
86 Votes
HSH102 Disease Prevention and Control
AT2: Case study of a contemporary disease issue in a population – intervention (action) responses
Table of contents
Introduction    3
First evidence-based intervention - Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)    3
Second evidence-based intervention - Structural Intervention    4
Third evidence-based in
tervention - Medication Adherence    5
Conclusion    6
Reference    7
Introduction
According to the reports of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (white blood cells). People suffering from HIV have to live with it lifelong but there are some ways to prevent the spread into progeny by the combination of certain antiretroviral drugs. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps to control the viral load by suppressing the replication of viruses within the body, thus allowing the immune system to recover. In 2016, WHO proposed to provide ART to those suffering from HIV, including adults, children, and pregnant women irrespective of CD4 count. In 2021, nearly 28.2 million people received ART globally. Evidence-based interventions by CDC have been found to have significant outcomes related to HIV. These are evaluated rigorously, providing strong efficacy towards the treatment.
First evidence-based intervention - Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
PrEP is the medicine available to people prone to HIV infection as a result of sex with an infected partner or drug use. This evidence-based intervention can prevent the spread of HIV into the body. PrEP medications have been approved by FDA and are available in the form of oral medicines as well as injectables. It is suggested to people at high risk of HIV but with HIV negative reports. It reduces 74% of the risk of HIV after drug use, while around 99% reduced the risk of the disease after sex. Although it is necessary to complete the prescription in both cases. Apretude is the injectable form of PrEP available to the people at risk and must be injected every couple of months. Oral medicines must be consumed daily and approved by FDA:
· Turveda - It is prescribed to the people at risk of HIV transmission through sex or drug use
· Descovy - It is prescribed to transwomen and sexually active men but still, it has not been studied for receptive vaginal sex (effect on women).
The identification of effective intervention is important for persistence (adherence, and uptake), and increase in PrEP use. PrEP is safe to use and also prevents other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). It might have mild side effects including nausea, headache, stomach ache, and fatigue.
Various PrEP practices are:
· iTAB (Individualised Texting for Adherence Building) - It aims to improve PrEP adherence among HIV-negative men with sexual contact with other men and transgender women. iTAB is a mobile-health intervention offering personalized health promotion daily in the form of text messages delivered over 48 weeks. Out of 440 messages, the participants can select their own. At the end of the messages, the participants get a prompt to respond with a single letter after taking or not taking PrEP. The participants can get text messages according to the selected time.
· PrEPmate - It aims to improve retention in PrEP care and persistence or...
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