1. In the Needham-Schroeder protocol, Alice generates two challenges, R A and R A 2 . This seems like overkill. Would one not have done the job? 2. Suppose an organization uses Kerberos for...

1. In the Needham-Schroeder protocol, Alice generates two challenges, R_A
and R_A
2. This seems like overkill. Would one not have done the job?

2. Suppose an organization uses Kerberos for authentication. In terms of security and service availability, what is the effect if AS or TGS goes down?