1) Read Chapter 3 in the required textbook about the different ethical theories. Then access this article: Ethics investigation substantiates complaint against Olympia Fields trustee who served as...

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1) Read Chapter 3 in the required textbook about the different ethical theories. Then access
this article:
Ethics investigation substantiates complaint against Olympia Fields trustee who served as chief of staff to state Sen. Michael Hastings


DAILY SOUTHTOWNJAN 19, 2020https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/daily-southtown/ct-sta-hastings-senate-ethics-investigation-st-0119-20200118-ol3tdq7qcbdmhjildwkeldpuk4-story.html
2) answer these questions in diffrent ways , which mean each question should have 2 answers
QUESTION 1: What is an ethical theory that you can apply from Chapter 3 for this case? Why?
QUESTION 2: What ethical action would you have done if you had been in the shoes of Senator Michael Hastings that would have made the situation better by offering a solution for him and his office and for Cassandra Matz?


Slide 1 Chapter 3 Ethical Theories © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Utilitarianism • Teleological theories hold that the rightness of actions is determined by – The amount of good consequences they produce • Actions are justified on teleological theories by – Virtue of the end they achieve © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Utilitarianism • Deontological theories hold that – We have a duty to perform certain acts because • Of the nature of these actions of the rules from which they follow • Not because of the benefit to ourselves or others © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Principle of Utility • Classical utilitarianism states an action is right if and only if – It produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone • The four theses of utilitarianism are: – Consequentialism, hedonism, maximalism, and universalism © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Act and Rule Utilitarianism • Act-Utilitarianism states an action is right if and only if it – Produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone • Is a simpler theory and provides an easily understood decision procedure. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Act and Rule Utilitarianism • Rule Utilitarianism states an action is right if and only if it – Conforms to a set of rules • Acceptance of which would produce the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone • Gives firmer ground to the rules of morality. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Problems With Calculating Utility • Some actions produce more pleasure for us than others. • It is easy to rank actions in order of the pleasure they give us. • It is impossible to accurately measure how much pleasure they give us. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Universalizability Principle • Principle of Universalizability – If act is right/wrong for one person then • It is right/wrong for all other relevantly similar persons in similar circumstances • As a matter of logic, we must be consistent in the judgments we make. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Virtue in Business • Virtue ethics could be applied to business directly by holding that – The virtues of a good businessperson are the same as those of a good person © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Natural Rights • Natural Rights – Belong to all persons purely by virtue of their being human • Are characterized by two main features: – Universality – Unconditionality © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature and Value of Justice • Aristotle distinguished three kinds of justice: 1. Distributive- the distribution of benefits and burdens 2. Compensatory-compensating persons for wrongs done to them 3. Retributive -punishment of wrongdoers © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Rawls’s Egalitarian Theory • Difference Principle – An unequal distribution is justified if • Everyone would be better off with the inequality than without it • Principle of Equal Opportunity – Careers should be open to all on the basis of talent and that’s all © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nozick’s Entitlement Theory • Nozick believes any acceptable principle of justice must be nonpatterned – Any pattern of distribution can be achieved and maintained only by • violating the right to liberty. • Upholding the right to liberty upsets any particular pattern of justice. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nozick’s Three Principles • Nozick’s Three Principles – Principle of just transfer – Principle of just original acquisition – Principle of rectification, • This principle is necessary because holdings can be unjustly appropriated by force or fraud
Answered Same DayJan 22, 2021

Answer To: 1) Read Chapter 3 in the required textbook about the different ethical theories. Then access this...

Parul answered on Jan 23 2021
131 Votes
Assignment
With reference to “Ethics investigation substantiates complaint against Olympia Fields trustee who served as chief of staff to state Sen. Michael Hast
ings”, (Koeske,Z., Jan19,2020). An investigation on ethical ground was launched in year 2019 at the ruling state Sen as Mr. Hasting who was Chief of Staff, it was found one of former employees, Cassandra Matz was involved in forbidden political initiatives and caught embezzling government's resources by one of the employees. All these expropriate activities was conducted by leveraging his official contacts and email account. Essentially, he was conducting his own personal trading and commerce by using her position in state.
This incident raises lot of questions on moral as well as on ethical grounds
Ans1(a). Ethical Theory that we can apply here is Act and rule of Utilitarianism as well as Virtue in Business. This is because as per the rule of Utilitarianism defines an act as right only if it conforms to a group of rules, for instance, acceptance of which would give the greatest balance of comfort over pain for everyone. Definitely, it produces firmer foundation to the framework of morality. However, there are certain actions that gives more comfort than others do and we might as well rank those actions in order of comfort they provide us. Now, as per the principle of Universalizability, if an act is right or wrong for one person then it will be right or wrong for all the other people in same situations. Therefore, the judgment that one take needs to be consistent all across. Second, rule of ethic that is quiet relevant in this case is...
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