1. There are several neurotransmitters that are involved in alcohol pharmacodynamics. Please list the way in which the transmission of the2 major neurotransmitters are modulated (gaba and glutamate)....

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1. There are several neurotransmitters that are involved in alcohol pharmacodynamics. Please list the way in which the transmission of the2 major neurotransmitters are modulated (gaba and glutamate).



2. Blood alcohol level (BAL) is the amount of alcohol present in 100 mL (1dL) of blood. Here is an example:


BAL of 0.09=0.09 g/dL =90 mg/dL = 0.09% BAC (blood alcohol content)


If a patient walks into your office with a 0.215% BAC, what can you assume about this person's tolerance?



3. Pertaining to #2, as the clinician, what might you assume about immediate risks as the patient experiences withdrawalfrom alcohol?



4. alcohol is metabolized by zero-order kinetics. What does this mean and how is it different from first-order kinetics?



5. Once alcohol is ingested, can anything increase/"speed up" the rate of that person's baseline alcohol metabolic rate?



6. There are 2 main stages of alcohol metabolism in the body (see page 41 of Levounis). What are the 2 main enzymes that metabolize alcohol?



7. How does the medication disulfiram (Antabuse) work to stop alcohol metabolism?



8. What is the difference between a symptom-triggered/driven taper regimen for alcohol withdrawal versus a standing order/fixed-dose regimen?



9. If a person presents with a 0.215mg BALand scores 18 on the CIWA assessment, would you consider giving a dose of a benzodiazepine? Why or why not?



10. Name one thing that you believe will advance your clinical practice as an APN.

Answered 1 days AfterJun 04, 2021

Answer To: 1. There are several neurotransmitters that are involved in alcohol pharmacodynamics. Please list...

Sumita Mitra answered on Jun 06 2021
133 Votes
2
Assignment Answers:
1) GABA is synthesized from glutamate, and both gaba and glutamate are diffe
rent as they exclusively produce one or the other. Their transmission is modulated by the central nervous system and also by the transmission between neurons. Glutamate is produces by glutamine within the neurons.
2) A BAC reading of 0.08% is liable and puts a person over the legal limit. In this case the patient with a BAC of 0.215% is in a state where he is drunk and more than the limits. The patient should be a regular drinker and has got high tolerance levels for alcohol.
3) The immediate risks associated are anxiety, depression and sleep disorders. The person may also experience mild fever, faster breathing with sweating and also experience tremors.
4) Zero order kinetics in alcohol metabolism means that during the post absorptive elimination phase...
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