5 articles on about Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (specifically on the drugs that are currently there and the treatments targets for MS) Provide main points from each article Articles that talk about the...

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Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that causes the demyelination of the nerve axons in the brain and spinal cord, which severely affects the central nervous system (CNS). They are diagnosed with the symptoms of neurological disorders which affect vision, motor, and sensory defects. It is known to be caused due to the T-cell mediated auto-immunity against the myelin sheath or the dysfunction of Schwann cells. Majorly, it is considered to be the former reason which is triggered due to several genetic variations, potential oncogenic microbes’ infection, or other environmental factors. MS damages the neuronal axons and causes inflammation with demyelination. Also, it increases astroglia proliferation and neurodegeneration. Currently, there is no specific cure for MS, yet various treatment is available to delay the progression of the disease.
There are several first-line treatments for MS, that are majorly anti-inflammatory, reduce the lymphocytes' access to the infection site, and delay the overall progression. Some of the drugs which are utilized in the treatment of MS are as listed:
1) Glatiramer acetate (GA)
Babaesfahani, A., & Bajaj, T. (2019). Glatiramer.
Prod’homme, T., & Zamvil, S. S. (2019). The evolving mechanisms of action of glatiramer acetate. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 9(2), a029249.
MS is known to occur in patients episodically or progressively. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is considered one of the first treatment drugs for episodically remitting MS. It is a drug made from the random copolymerization of glutamine, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine. All the listed four amino acids are a part of the composition of myelin sheath in the axons. Studies have shown that GA reduces the accessibility of lymphocytes to the infection site and helps in the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. They target the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of (M2) anti-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) and regulatory T-cells. They shift the balance from inflammation to anti-inflammation.
In rare conditions, some of the patients can develop side effects when the dosage level increases. Some patients are known to be hypersensitivity towards GA and cause necrosis in the infection site forming a dent. Several few patients develop papules in the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and other organ systems....