A coin was flipped 12 times and came up heads 10 times. (a) Is the assumption of normality justified? Explain. (b) Calculate a p-value for the observed sample outcome, using the normal distribution. At the .05 level of significance in a right-tailed test, is the coin biased toward heads? (c) Use Excel to calculate the binomial probability P(X ≥ 10 | n = 12, π = .50) = 1 − P(X ≤ 9 | n = 12, π = .50). (d) Why is the binomial probability not exactly the same as the p-value you calculated under the assumption of normality?
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