List and briefly define some of the techniques used in contemporary processors to increase speed. Pipelining: Processor moves data or instructions into a conceptual pipe with all stages of the pipe...

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List and briefly define some of the techniques used in contemporary processors to increase speed. Pipelining: Processor moves data or instructions into a conceptual pipe with all stages of the pipe processing simultaneously. Branch Prediction: Processor looks ahead in the instruction code fetched from memory and tries to guess which way a branch or group of instructions will go. Superscalar Execution: This is the ability to issue more than one instruction in every processor clock cycle. Data Flow Analysis: Processor analyze which instructions are dependent on each other’s result, or data, to create an optimized schedule of instructions. Speculative Execution: Using branch prediction and data flow analysis, processors can execute instructions before they appear in the program execution by holding results in temporary locations. Explain the differences among multicore systems, MICs, and GPGPU Multicore Systems & Many Integrated Cores (MICs) places multiple processors on the same chip. General Purpose GPUS (GPGPUs) utilizes how GPUs process, and implements the GPU to support the general purpose processors. Consider a hypothetical microprocessor generating a 16-bit address (for example, assume that the program counter and the address registers are 16 bits wide) and having a 16-bit data bus. What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to a “16-bit memory”? What is the maximum memory address space that the processor can access directly if it is connected to an “8-bit memory”? List some reasons why it is worthwhile to study assembly language programming. List some disadvantages of assembly language compared to high-level languages. List some advantages of assembly language compared to high-level languages.