Analyse the key elements of corporate social responsibility for companies operating in global markets. Evaluate the progress made by international agencies and NGOs in establishing international standards for this area.
Anwser should have between 500-700 words and at least 3 references including the attached text book. i also attach the article in case you can use it.
please use Harvard Referencing system.
OrganizationScience informs ® Vol. 17, No. 3, May–June 2006, pp. 402–414 doi 10.1287/orsc.1060.0186 issn 1047-7039eissn 1526-54550617030402 © 2006 INFORMS The Impact of Corruption on Entry Strategy: Evidence from Telecommunication Projects in Emerging Economies Klaus Uhlenbruck Department of Management and Marketing, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812-6808, [email protected] Peter Rodriguez Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906-6550, [email protected] Jonathan Doh Department of Management, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, [email protected] Lorraine Eden Department of Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4221, [email protected] ith globalization and the growth in emerging economies, multinational enterprises (MNEs) now frequently con- Wfront challenges associated with corrupt governments. Already, a growing body of research has demonstrated that corruption signi?cantly reduces a country’s aggregate in?ows of foreign direct investment through its effects on ?rm per- formance. We move the analysis of corruption from aggregate ?nancial ?ows toward managerial theory and practice by examining how ?rms adjust their strategy for entering foreign markets in corrupt environments and how different types of corruption affect ?rms’ choices. Building on institutional theory, we predict that MNEs will respond to pervasive and arbitrary corruption in a host country by selecting particular types of equity and nonequity modes of entry. Using data on 220 telecommunications development projects in 64 emerging economies, we ?nd that ?rms adapt to the pressures of corruption via short-term contracting and entry into joint ventures. We also ?nd that the arbitrariness surrounding corrupt transactions has a signi?cant impact on ?rms’ decisions, in addition to the overall level of corruption. In contrast to extant research,...
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