Assessment 1 Report topic “Cholera” You should read and research broadly, and a minimum of 15 academic sources must be used for the report. Length and/or format: 2000 words Abstract table of content...

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Report topic Cholera


Assessment 1 Report topic “Cholera” You should read and research broadly, and a minimum of 15 academic sources must be used for the report. Length and/or format: 2000 words Abstract table of content Introduction Finding - Definition - Aetiology - Epidemiology - Transmission - Pathogenesis/Pathophysiology - Clinical Management (Sign & Symptom) - Diagnosis - Treatment & Management - Prevention Conclusion Reference List (APA 7) For your report submission, the word count does not include: ▪ Cover sheet (do not submit a cover sheet with your report on Turnitin) ▪ Title page ▪ Table of contents ▪ Reference List ▪ Appendices ▪ Tables and graphs ▪ Figures and legends The word count DOES include the Abstract.
Answered 2 days AfterAug 20, 2021

Answer To: Assessment 1 Report topic “Cholera” You should read and research broadly, and a minimum of 15...

Sutrishna answered on Aug 22 2021
134 Votes
A Report on Cholera
Abstract
The transmission, dynamics, and associated risk factors of cholera share similarities as well as differences when compared across the world. It is among those ancient diseases that shook the world and are still a cause of major public health concerns. To be specific, it stands out as a huge threat to the population of developing countries lacking access to proper hygiene and sanitation. The socio-cultural background of the people also plays an important factor in the spread of
the disease. This highly infectious disease is caused by bacteria. The role of any vectors like houseflies is yet not well established. This report will discuss the major aspects related to epidemiology, aetiology, transmission, diagnosis, signs, symptoms, and available treatment, management, and preventive measures.
Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………..
COVER PAGE………………………………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….
FINDING………………………………………………………………………………..
Definition………………………………………………………………………………
Aetiology………………………………………………………………………………
Epidemiology……………………………………………………………………………
Transmission……………………………………………………………………………
Pathogenesis…………………………………………………………………………….
Clinical management……………………………………………………………………
Diagnosis………………………………………………………………………………..
Treatment and management…………………………………………………………….
Prevention………………………………………………………………………………
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………...
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………..
Introduction
According to Harris et al. (2012), cholera is a highly infectious intestinal disease caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It is among those ancient diseases that shook the world and are still a cause of major public health concerns. The causative microbe is responsible for acute infection. The pathogen belongs to the group of Gram-negative species. In 1883, Robert Koch isolated the bacterial species in pure culture from Egyptian patients. Earlier, in 1854 Pacini performed microscopic identification of the vibrios. Since then, significant scientific advancements have been made, in research areas related to cholera and its pathophysiology. Nevertheless, it stands out as a huge threat to the population of developing countries lacking access to proper hygiene and sanitation. The socio-cultural background of the people also plays an important factor in the spread of the disease. The major aspects related to epidemiology, aetiology, transmission, diagnosis, signs, symptoms, and the available treatment, management, and preventive measures will be discussed.
Finding
Definition
According to Sack et al. (2004), cholera is one of the dreaded diseases characterized by watery diarrhoeal syndrome, has shown to cause outbreaks, high chances of morbidity and death.
Aetiology
According to Harris et al. (2012), the bacterium V. cholerae has more than 200 serogroups. However, the noteworthy epidemics are caused by only two of these serogroups, namely O1 and O139. The former is again classified into two biotypes: classical and E1 Tor. The latter is less pathogenic and is only responsible for more asymptomatic infections. It is also the more environmentally resistant one. Lippi et al. (2016) state that the Ganges delta in India is believed to be the original reservoir of the disease. From this first manifestation, it is believed to spread across the world. Six major episodes of the pandemic have been witnessed by the world after this during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. According to Baine et al. (1974), the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 is the presumed causative organism of these six pandemics. While the dominant strain of the running seventh pandemic (7P) is the E1 Tor lineage. Its emergence occurred in Sulawesi Archipelago and then spread to major parts of the world.
Epidemiology
As per the statistics of a report, worldwide 5654 fatalities and 1.2 million cases related to cholera were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2017. Out of this, 84% of cholera-attributed cases and 41% of death were contributed by Yemen alone. Whereas cases from several other countries remained unreported in the very year. There is a tendency of not recognizing cholera officially, even after significant transmission. The major contribution to cholera cases of the world is by the Asian countries, but as said earlier incomplete reporting complicates the true assessment of the disease. According to the continent-wise reports presented to the WHO during 1989-2017, nations of Africa and America had also constituted notable proportions in the total number of cases. From the same reports, it was also seen that Africa reported 3220 deaths and 179,835 cholera cases in 2017. The fatality rates ranged from 0 in few countries to 3.2 % (in Zambia) up to 6.8% (Chad). These data indicate the absence of proper case management due to potential limitations in the African continent. According to Dutta et al. (2013) apart from the cleanliness...
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