Assessment Criteria: Critical and comprehensive review of the literature (70%) · Clarity of research question/hypothesis (10%) · General assessment criteria (20%) :· o Provides a lucid introduction o...

Running Head: Effect of social determinants on mental health             1
Effect of social determinants on mental health             12
Effect of social determinants of health on mental health of Indigenous people
How do social determinants of health do effects the mental health of Indigenous people?
Introduction:
    Mental health problems are broadly connected with the abnormal behaviour, which can be generally described by a mix of anomalous contemplations, feelings, conduct and associations with other people (World health organization). Mental illness largely connected with social life, person’s surroundings and situations of human life (Link, Phelan, Bresnamhan, Stueve & Pescosolido, 1999). Indigenous Australian experienced relentlessly poor health as compare to other groups of community (Australian Institute of health and Welfare, 2014). Psychological illness is three times higher in indigenous Australians where is, suicide attempts in young-star is 5 times higher than non-indigenous (AIHW, 2014). As social factors such as the place they are born, grow, work and age have direct concern with their mental health and these factors define as social determinants of health (Marmot, 2011).
Aims
A. To identify the mental health problems of Indigenous people.
B. Identify effects of social determinants of health on mental health
C. Health policies and mental health.
D. To decrease the risk factors associated with mental health of aboriginal people
Comparative analysis of the Australian population in terms of health and disease load:
    Among all the English speaking native countries, the World Health Organization (WHO), the governing body that monitors and regulates any issue relating to human health and diseases has labelled Australia as the country as one of the highest prevalence of adults suffering from mental health in the world since the reports published in 2007. This has been classified as the major cause of concern among the Australians as the increase in neurological disorders is leading to a global epidemic with increasing frequency. The Medical Journal of Australia stated that the incidence of mental among the Australian citizens has almost doubled in the past twenty years. According to the experts in the field, this health crisis has led to a unprecedented problem in the Australian nation contributing hugely to the increase in mental health related disorders in the adults.
    The Australian Department of Health publishes reports that highlight the major health related issues among the people every year. Over the last ten years, mental health has topped the charts. 60% of all men population and 66% of the women population in the year 2018–19 has had an had an episode which indicates that the people suffer from high risk of stress. Every 2 out 3 adults constituting to almost 67 % of total Australian population are suffering from increased stress the year 2018–19 and as many as 36 % were related diseases in the same year but not to be classified to be suffering from mental health although the index showed that 31 % in 2018-2019 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019). The data also reveals that 38% of all adults that survived from the lowest socioeconomic areas were found to be mentally unstable, as compared to the 24 % that were found in the higher income areas.
Mental Health analysis between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population: Statistics are different for the Australian citizens and the Aboriginal people when data is compared for the incidence of the aboriginal people. Aboriginal people show a more likely tendency to suffer from mental health related diseases such as depression and anxiety than the Australian citizens that live in the metropolitan cities and towns. The numbers are not at all, what is expected among the common people. About 30 % Indigenous and aboriginal people suffer from mental health related diseases as compared to the 20 % of the general Australian Population. There is about 12.5 % Indigenous and aboriginal people over 45 that suffer from mental health as compared to the 2.3 % of the general Australian Population. The people living in rural and remote places of Australia are 10 times more likely to suffer from mental health than the people living in rural parts of India, Africa and Indonesia or even Vietnam and China. In the year 2019-2020, there has been 25 % of Indigenous and aboriginal people that reportedly has a health disorder or disease that directly relates to being overweight, while 17 % Torres Strait Islander people were reported to have similar issues in the same year (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2019). This is usual for that particular year. When we go back a few more years and compare the statistics of the last 10 years, we have seen that these Indigenous and aboriginal people suffer from mental health related diseases issues more than the common population. A further astounding fact is that many of them tend to report a dramatic decline in the mental health related diseases that worsens drastically in these areas and among these people. Most of the reports show that people suffer from anxiety, which has a prevalence rate of more than 19 % with depression following up close behind the gap at about 13 % due to the increase in hospitalizations and discrimination that is faced by the mentally unhealthy people. However in the year 2019, it was reported that more than one half of the aboriginal people and about one fifth of the Torres Strait Islander population reported to have some sort of mental distress stressor such as suicidal tendencies, anxiety and even mental and cognitive retardation suffering from stress and tension. In that same year, a survey was conducted that revealed stunning data that over 35 % of the Indigenous and aboriginal people of Australia reported to have a severe health related issues in the last ten years, comprising of 21 % from the aboriginal people and 18 % from the Torres Strait Islander population (Korff, 2020). What was more alarming data was then 68 % of all the Indigenous and aboriginal people reported that they has face at least one stressful episode in the past year alone (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019).
Load of Mental Health Diseases among the Indigenous and Aboriginal People in Australia
Rural endogenous populations of Australia face threats of Cancer (19 %), followed by the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (15 %) and mental health, disorders of muscles and skeleton and other prevalent injuries. Statistics are different for the Australian citizens and the Aboriginal people when data is compared for the incidence of the aboriginal people. Aboriginal people show a more likely tendency to suffer from mental health diseases such as depression and anxiety than the Australian citizens that live in the metropolitan cities and towns.
The numbers are not at all, what is expected among the common people. About 30 % Indigenous and aboriginal people suffer from mental health diseases as compared to the 20 % of the general Australian Population. There is about 12.5 % Indigenous and aboriginal people over 45 that suffer from dementia as compared to the 2.3 % of the general Australian Population. The people living in rural and remote places of Australia are 10 times more likely to suffer from dementia than the people living in rural parts of India, Africa and Indonesia or even Vietnam and China. In the year 2019-2020, there has been 25 % of Indigenous and aboriginal people that reportedly has a mental breakdown, while 17 % Torres Strait Islander people were reported to have a mental breakdown in the same year (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2019). This is usual for that particular year. When we go back a few more years and compare the statistics of the last 10 years, we have seen that these Indigenous and aboriginal people suffer from mental health related issues more than the common population. A further astounding fact is that many of them tend to report a dramatic decline in the mental health of the disease that worsens drastically in these areas and among these people. Most of the reports show that people suffer from anxiety, which has a prevalence rate of more than 19 % with depression following up close behind the gap at about 13 %. However in the year 2019, it was reported that more than one half of the aboriginal people and about one fifth of the Torres Strait Islander population reported to have some sort of mental distress stressor such as suicidal tendencies, anxiety and even mental and cognitive retardation. In that same year, a survey was conducted that revealed stunning data that over 35 %...