Question 1 (Topics 3, 4 and 5) (Approximately 1,000 words) (10 marks) Explain the factors on the labour supply side of the market that contribute to (a) labour market frictions and (b) compensating...

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Question 1 (Topics 3, 4 and 5) (Approximately 1,000 words) (10 marks)
Explain the factors on the labour supply side of the market that contribute to (a) labour market frictions and (b) compensating wage differentials.
Question 2 (Topic 6) (Approximately 2,000 words) (20 marks)
Higher education is the most important means of skilling workers for their role in the labour force. Discuss.


Question 1 (Topics 7 and 8) (Approximately 1,000 words) (10 marks)
How well do government policies address unemployment and wage issues in regional Australia?
Question 2 (Topic 9) (Approximately 2,000 words) (20 marks)
Why are policies, intended to reduce labour market discrimination in Australia, not meeting their objectives?


Question (Topics 10, 11 and 12) (1,000 words) (20 marks)
Australian trade union leaders focus on the acquisition of political influence rather than addressing issues of unemployment, earnings inequality and skill shortages. Discuss.




· Assessment item 2 Value: 30% Length: 3,000 words Task Assignment 2 consists of two essay questions (Q1 is worth 10 marks and Q2 is worth 20 marks) based on Learning activities and additional reading. Before attempting this assignment you are expected to have completed Topics 3, 4, and 5 for Q1 and Topic 6 for Q2. You are encouraged to make use of additional sources. Sources used in your answer should be fully referenced in APA 6th style. Answer the following questions ensuring that you apply theory and economic principles to analyse the labour market issues. Communicate your ideas with correct grammar, spelling and writing style and support your answer with illustrative examples. Question 1 (Topics 3, 4 and 5) (Approximately 1,000 words) (10 marks) Explain the factors on the labour supply side of the market that contribute to (a) labour market frictions and (b) compensating wage differentials. Question 2 (Topic 6) (Approximately 2,000 words) (20 marks) Higher education is the most important means of skilling workers for their role in the labour force. Discuss. Rationale This assignment provides an opportunity for you to apply theory and economic principles to analyse labour market issues through the application of your knowledge of theory supported by evidence drawn from sources of your choosing. The question addresses the following learning outcome: • be able to discuss and apply economic principles and theories to labour market issues   Marking criteria       Criteria HD (85%) DI (75-84%) CR (65-74%) PS (50-64%) FL (0<50%) academic="" writing="" clearly="" communicates="" meaning="" (10%="" weighting).="" language="" features="" and="" structures="" are="" used="" to="" convey="" meaning="" effectively,="" clearly,="" concisely,="" unambiguously,="" and="" in="" a="" tone="" appropriate="" to="" the="" audience="" and="" purpose="" with="" no="" spelling,="" grammatical,="" or="" punctuation="" errors.="" language="" features="" and="" structures="" are="" used="" to="" convey="" meaning="" effectively,="" clearly,="" unambiguously,="" and="" in="" a="" tone="" appropriate="" to="" the="" audience="" and="" purpose="" with="" few="" spelling,="" grammatical,="" or="" punctuation="" errors.="" the="" text="" contains="" some="" errors="" in="" spelling,="" grammar,="" word="" choice,="" and="" structure,="" lacks="" clarity="" occasionally,="" and="" may="" not="" be="" concise,="" but="" the="" meaning="" is="" apparent="" to="" the="" reader="" with="" little="" effort.="" the="" text="" contains="" frequent="" errors="" in="" spelling,="" grammar,="" word="" choice,="" and="" structure,="" lacks="" clarity,="" and="" is="" not="" concise,="" but="" the="" meaning="" is="" apparent="" to="" the="" reader="" with="" some="" effort.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" academic="" writing="" includes="" apa="" 6th="" referencing="" (10%="" weighting).="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive,="" demonstrates="" academic="" integrity,="" and="" conforms="" exactly="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive,="" demonstrates="" academic="" integrity,="" and="" conforms="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions="" with="" fewer="" than="" three="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" which="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive="" and="" mostly="" accurate="" according="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" up="" to="" eight="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" in="" style="" and="" formatting="" choices="" (e.g.="" italics,="" punctuation,="" underlining)="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source,="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive="" and="" mostly="" accurate="" according="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" frequent="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" in="" style="" and="" formatting="" choices="" (e.g.="" italics,="" punctuation,="" underlining)="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source,="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" discusses="" and="" applies="" economic="" principles="" to="" labour="" market="" issues.="" the="" answer="" synthesises="" the="" theory="" presented="" with="" new="" insights="" providing="" an="" in-depth="" evaluation="" and="" a="" comprehensive="" discussion="" and="" application="" with="" no="" errors="" of="" logic.="" the="" answer="" evaluates="" the="" theory="" presented.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn="" and="" are="" presented="" through="" a="" sound="" argument="" showing="" good="" judgement="" in="" developing="" the="" discussion="" and="" application.="" however,="" minor="" errors="" have="" been="" found="" in="" the="" narrative.="" the="" answer="" correctly="" interprets="" the="" theory="" (economic="" principles)="" in="" applying="" them="" to="" labour="" market="" issues.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn.="" however="" some="" errors="" have="" been="" found="" in="" the="" narrative.="" the="" answer="" identifies="" the="" most="" important="" elements="" of="" theory="" (economic="" principles)="" and="" applies="" them="" to="" an="" analysis="" of="" a="" range="" of="" labour="" market="" issues.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn.="" limited="" explanation="" provides="" marginal="" support="" for="" the="" conclusions="" drawn.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" provide="" examples="" which="" illustrate="" the="" application="" of="" economic="" principles="" to="" labour="" market="" issues.="" the="" answer="" provides="" examples="" which="" support="" the="" synthesis="" of="" the="" theory="" with="" new="" insights="" in="" the="" process="" of="" discussion="" and="" application.="" the="" narrative="" makes="" a="" strong="" link="" between="" the="" examples,="" existing="" theory="" and="" new="" insights.="" the="" answer="" provides="" examples="" which="" support="" the="" evaluation="" of="" the="" theory,="" the="" discussion="" and="" the="" application.="" the="" narrative="" makes="" a="" strong="" link="" between="" the="" examples="" and="" theory.="" the="" answer="" provides="" examples="" which="" illustrate="" the="" correct="" interpretation="" of="" theory.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn="" with="" only="" minor="" lapses="" in="" logic.="" the="" answer="" provides="" examples="" which="" illustrate="" the="" application="" of="" economic="" principles.="" however,="" the="" narrative="" does="" not="" make="" a="" convincing="" link="" between="" the="" examples="" and="" theory.=""  ="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.=""  =""  =""  =""  =""  =""  ="" presentation="" answers="" should="" be="" typed="" and="" diagrams="" must="" be="" clear="" and="" neat="" and="" preferably="" drawn="" electronically.="" hand-drawn="" diagrams="" are="" acceptable.="" the="" answer="" to="" the="" question="" should="" be="" divided="" into="" three="" parts:="" part 1: introduction="" the="" introduction="" sets="" up="" your="" response="" by="" succinctly="" stating="" your="" understanding="" of="" the="" issues,="" what="" you="" think="" is="" the="" best="" way="" to="" analyse="" the="" situation="" –="" including="" choice="" of="" theory="" and="" sources="" of="" evidence,="" what="" type="" of="" findings="" you="" expect="" and="" what="" potential="" applications="" you="" expect="" there="" to="" be.="" part="" 2:="" analysis="" the="" analysis="" will="" represent="" the="" bulk="" of="" your="" work.="" here="" you="" will="" provide="" your="" answer="" in="" detail="" by="" drawing="" upon="" the="" literature,="" the="" theory="" and="" the="" evidence="" to="" come="" up="" with="" an="" answer="" to="" the="" question="" posed.="" you="" may="" find="" that="" you="" want="" to="" break="" this="" section="" up="" into="" a="" number="" of="" sub-parts="" –="" one="" for="" a="" detailed="" discussion="" of="" the="" issues="" including="" your="" non-technical="" response,="" one="" for="" a="" detailed="" analysis="" of="" the="" tools="" of="" analysis="" you="" will="" use="" (theory),="" one="" for="" your="" extensive="" consideration="" of="" the="" evidence,="" one="" where="" you="" draw="" together="" your="" information="" and="" findings="" along="" with="" their="" implications.="" part="" 3:="" conclusion="" in="" the="" conclusion="" you="" briefly="" and="" succinctly="" review="" what="" you="" have="" done="" in="" answer="" to="" the="" question="" and="" indicate="" what="" further="" issues="" there="" might="" be="" to="" be="" considered.=""  ="" requirements="" sources="" used="" in="" your="" answer="" should="" be="" fully="" referenced="" in="" apa="" 6th="" style.="" .="" assessment="" item="" 3="" value:="" 30%="" length:="" 3,000="" words="" task="" assignment="" 3="" consists="" of="" two="" essay="" questions="" (q1="" is="" worth="" 10="" marks="" and="" q2="" is="" worth="" 20="" marks)="" based="" on="" learning="" activities="" and="" additional="" reading.="" before="" attempting="" this="" assignment="" you="" are="" expected="" to="" have="" completed="" topics="" 7="" and="" 8="" for="" q1="" and="" topic="" 9="" for="" q2.="" you="" are="" encouraged="" to="" make="" use="" of="" additional="" sources.="" sources="" used="" in="" your="" answer="" should="" be="" fully="" referenced="" in="" apa="" 6th="" style.="" answer="" the="" following="" questions="" ensuring="" that="" you="" apply="" theory="" and="" economic="" principles="" to="" analyse="" and="" evaluate="" labour="" market="" policies="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" (q1)="" and="" discrimination="" (q2).="" communicate="" your="" ideas="" with="" correct="" grammar,="" spelling="" and="" writing="" style="" and="" support="" your="" answer="" with="" illustrative="" examples.="" question="" 1="" (topics="" 7="" and="" 8)="" (approximately="" 1,000="" words)="" (10="" marks)="" how="" well="" do="" government="" policies="" address="" unemployment="" and="" wage="" issues="" in="" regional="" australia?="" question="" 2="" (topic="" 9)="" (approximately="" 2,000="" words)="" (20="" marks)="" why="" are="" policies,="" intended="" to="" reduce="" labour="" market="" discrimination="" in="" australia,="" not="" meeting="" their="" objectives?=""  ="" rationale="" this="" assignment="" provides="" an="" opportunity="" for="" you="" to="" apply="" theory="" and="" economic="" principles="" to="" analyse="" and="" evaluate="" labour="" market="" policies="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" (q1)="" and="" discrimination="" (q2)="" through="" the="" application="" of="" your="" knowledge="" of="" theory="" supported="" by="" evidence="" drawn="" from="" sources="" of="" your="" choosing.="" the="" question="" addresses="" the="" following="" learning="" outcome:="" •="" be="" able="" to="" evaluate="" labour="" market="" policies="" and="" apply="" these="" to="" issues="" relating="" to="" unemployment,="" wages="" and="" discrimination.=""  ="" marking="" criteria=""  ="" criteria="" hd="" (85%)="" di="" (75-84%)="" cr="" (65-74%)="" ps="" (50-64%)="" fl=""><50%) academic writing clearly communicates meaning (10% weighting). language features and structures are used to convey meaning effectively, clearly, concisely, unambiguously, and in a tone appropriate to the audience and purpose with no spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors. language features and structures are used to convey meaning effectively, clearly, unambiguously, and in a tone appropriate to the audience and purpose with few spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors. the text contains some errors in spelling, grammar, word choice, and structure, lacks clarity occasionally, and may not be concise, but the meaning is apparent to the reader with little effort. the text contains frequent errors in spelling, grammar, word choice, and structure, lacks clarity, and is not concise, but the meaning is apparent to the reader with some effort. fails to meet criteria for a pass. academic writing includes apa 6th referencing (10% weighting). referencing is comprehensive, demonstrates academic integrity, and conforms exactly to apa style conventions. referencing is comprehensive, demonstrates academic integrity, and conforms to apa style conventions with fewer than three minor errors or omissions which don't impact on the transparency and traceability of the source or the demonstration of academic integrity. referencing is comprehensive and mostly accurate according to apa style conventions. up to eight minor errors or omissions in style and formatting choices (e.g. italics, punctuation, underlining) don't impact on the transparency and traceability of the source, or the demonstration of academic integrity. referencing is comprehensive and mostly accurate according to apa style conventions. frequent minor errors or omissions in style and formatting choices (e.g. italics, punctuation, underlining) don't impact on the transparency and traceability of the source, or the demonstration of academic integrity. fails to meet criteria for a pass. evaluates labour market policies and applies these to issues relating to unemployment and wages or discrimination. the answer synthesises the theory presented with new insights providing an in-depth evaluation and a comprehensive answer with no errors of logic. the answer evaluates the theory presented. correct conclusions are drawn and are presented through a sound argument showing good judgement. however, minor errors have been found in the narrative. the answer correctly interprets the theory for evaluating labour market policies and the application to issues relating to unemployment and wages or discrimination. correct conclusions are drawn. however some errors have been found in the narrative. the answer identifies the most important elements of theory for evaluating labour market policies and applies these to issues relating to unemployment and wages or discrimination. correct conclusions are drawn. limited explanation provides marginal support for the conclusions drawn. fails to meet criteria for a pass. provides examples that illustrate the evaluation of labour market policies and their application to issues relating to unemployment and wages or discrimination. the answer provides an example which supports the synthesis of the theory with new insights in providing an analysis of the question. the narrative makes a strong link between the examples, existing theory and new insights. the answer provides examples which support the evaluation of the theory. the narrative makes a strong link academic="" writing="" clearly="" communicates="" meaning="" (10%="" weighting).="" language="" features="" and="" structures="" are="" used="" to="" convey="" meaning="" effectively,="" clearly,="" concisely,="" unambiguously,="" and="" in="" a="" tone="" appropriate="" to="" the="" audience="" and="" purpose="" with="" no="" spelling,="" grammatical,="" or="" punctuation="" errors.="" language="" features="" and="" structures="" are="" used="" to="" convey="" meaning="" effectively,="" clearly,="" unambiguously,="" and="" in="" a="" tone="" appropriate="" to="" the="" audience="" and="" purpose="" with="" few="" spelling,="" grammatical,="" or="" punctuation="" errors.="" the="" text="" contains="" some="" errors="" in="" spelling,="" grammar,="" word="" choice,="" and="" structure,="" lacks="" clarity="" occasionally,="" and="" may="" not="" be="" concise,="" but="" the="" meaning="" is="" apparent="" to="" the="" reader="" with="" little="" effort.="" the="" text="" contains="" frequent="" errors="" in="" spelling,="" grammar,="" word="" choice,="" and="" structure,="" lacks="" clarity,="" and="" is="" not="" concise,="" but="" the="" meaning="" is="" apparent="" to="" the="" reader="" with="" some="" effort.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" academic="" writing="" includes="" apa="" 6th="" referencing="" (10%="" weighting).="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive,="" demonstrates="" academic="" integrity,="" and="" conforms="" exactly="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive,="" demonstrates="" academic="" integrity,="" and="" conforms="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions="" with="" fewer="" than="" three="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" which="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive="" and="" mostly="" accurate="" according="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" up="" to="" eight="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" in="" style="" and="" formatting="" choices="" (e.g.="" italics,="" punctuation,="" underlining)="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source,="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" referencing="" is="" comprehensive="" and="" mostly="" accurate="" according="" to="" apa="" style="" conventions.="" frequent="" minor="" errors="" or="" omissions="" in="" style="" and="" formatting="" choices="" (e.g.="" italics,="" punctuation,="" underlining)="" don't="" impact="" on="" the="" transparency="" and="" traceability="" of="" the="" source,="" or="" the="" demonstration="" of="" academic="" integrity.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" evaluates="" labour="" market="" policies="" and="" applies="" these="" to="" issues="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" or="" discrimination.="" the="" answer="" synthesises="" the="" theory="" presented="" with="" new="" insights="" providing="" an="" in-depth="" evaluation="" and="" a="" comprehensive="" answer="" with="" no="" errors="" of="" logic.="" the="" answer="" evaluates="" the="" theory="" presented.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn="" and="" are="" presented="" through="" a="" sound="" argument="" showing="" good="" judgement.="" however,="" minor="" errors="" have="" been="" found="" in="" the="" narrative.="" the="" answer="" correctly="" interprets="" the="" theory="" for="" evaluating="" labour="" market="" policies="" and="" the="" application="" to="" issues="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" or="" discrimination.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn.="" however="" some="" errors="" have="" been="" found="" in="" the="" narrative.="" the="" answer="" identifies="" the="" most="" important="" elements="" of="" theory="" for="" evaluating="" labour="" market="" policies="" and="" applies="" these="" to="" issues="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" or="" discrimination.="" correct="" conclusions="" are="" drawn.="" limited="" explanation="" provides="" marginal="" support="" for="" the="" conclusions="" drawn.="" fails="" to="" meet="" criteria="" for="" a="" pass.="" provides="" examples="" that="" illustrate="" the="" evaluation="" of="" labour="" market="" policies="" and="" their="" application="" to="" issues="" relating="" to="" unemployment="" and="" wages="" or="" discrimination.="" the="" answer="" provides="" an="" example="" which="" supports="" the="" synthesis="" of="" the="" theory="" with="" new="" insights="" in="" providing="" an="" analysis="" of="" the="" question.="" the="" narrative="" makes="" a="" strong="" link="" between="" the="" examples,="" existing="" theory="" and="" new="" insights.="" the="" answer="" provides="" examples="" which="" support="" the="" evaluation="" of="" the="" theory.="" the="" narrative="" makes="" a="" strong="">
Answered Same DayNov 18, 2019

Answer To: Question 1 (Topics 3, 4 and 5) (Approximately 1,000 words) (10 marks) Explain the factors on the...

David answered on Dec 27 2019
148 Votes
Running Head: Unemployment and wage issues in regional Australia        
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Unemployment and wage issues in regional Australia
Student’s Name
University
Introduction
The problems in regional areas of Australia are mainly due to the limited opportunities to work leading to higher unemployment rate. The disadvantaged groups at regional level can be small which should not discourage policy makers to promote better job opportunities even in such areas. The problems with the government policies of Australia to address the regional issues related to unemployment and discrimination over wages is that they consi
der it to be less effective investment opportunity. The regional balance in urban and rural areas is outweighed by the disadvantaged groups due to higher unemployment issues as well as labor market frictions. In the paper, the figure will be shown for the regions and areas in the country having unemployment rate of around 5 per cent or even more than that. Also, government initiatives to tackle such employment issues are also analysed and their benefits so far will also be measured on few parameters of accomplishments.
Regional employability and labour market issues
Due to changes in both supply and demand forces in labour market, there have been wide fluctuations in the conditions of employability as well as wage rates. Constant changes at national as well as international level in the demand conditions of labour set up new pathways for future course of development. In Australia, the employability conditions in smaller regions are dependent over one or two industries which harshly affect the wage rates in case it winds up in long run. For instance, in regions of Inner suburbs of Northern Melbourne, most of the job opportunities arise because of focus over steel and textiles, footwear and clothing industries. Similarly, in the regional areas of Tennant Creek, the existing labor force is only around 1500 and due to rising opportunities to work in urban areas, the reduction in the availability of the labour force brings down by 200 in a week (G-20, 2015).
Although there have been revival in the policies of employment in Federal and State regional development, still there is lack of accessibility to the employment situation and provision of services. It can be taken into positive sense that government has been taking initiatives for promoting regional programmes of development in such areas. The variation in the policy sensitivity is required to be developed through recognition of the sub-regional promotional policies as many people are not aware about such programs. It requires addressing these issues of sensitive analysis to bring a sense of responsibility among residents so that they can relate the problem with their home. One of the major issues with the state policies is that they are not able to provide right balance of education and skill development such local and regional areas. Young people who are not able to attain education to higher levels must be provided with the skill generation opportunities so that they can rejuvenate their potential with the positive notion of achievement. Regional and local policies will be of no use in case of aggregating the data over large scale parameters. The management of the problems and the regional issues should be addressed right from the roots even if it requires creating minute policies on large scale (Report, 2007).
Applying the economic theory over the regional employment issues, it can be recognized that the supply of labour in such regional level is less than that of demand in the labour market. The large number of people available for work is because they are able to learn the low-level skills requiring minimum of education background from each other and they become specialize in their field. On the other hand, the demand for labour force in these regional areas is limited because of less industrial development which results into reduction in the market wage rates for unorganized sector with lower skill position. Even if the main targets of the government policy programs is to reach even at smaller regions, there are still problems in setting up the criteria for funding as it excludes the concentrated pockets of development. The lack of understanding between the existence of extremes between the advantaged and the disadvantaged groups in lower segment areas further aggravates the problem of labour market. The development can be seen in only couple of streets in inner regions of the city which can be separated from that of well-off areas of urban regions. It clearly shows the disappointment level from the local and regional policies of development which can be improved by revising the policy matters in more intense form. It can be verified from the current instance in the outskirts region of Sydney where few of the pockets provides the facility of public housing through municipality while in these regions of CampbellTown, other kinds of services do not fall under the funding of additional programs having similar kinds of needs. It means that families residing in these pockets are facing the regional disadvantage problems because of far off local markets due to poor connectivity, inadequate public transport, minimal level of privacy, frequent callouts of local police and fraught attitude of the school teachers. All these factors clearly reveal the position of the regional policies which cannot even help to bring down the unemployment level and raise the minimum market wage rates (Release, Report, Statement, & Australia, 2017).
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Wage rate
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Employment
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Figure 1: Showing effect of subsidies to young people in regional areas
It can be recommended that providing subsidies to the youth of the country should be done to help them initially in achieving the survival conditions up to certain extent. Gradually, these subsidies should be restricted by the government so that youngsters don’t become dependent over these facilities of subsidies. Understanding the labor demand and supply diagram in case of subsidies, it can be analysed that subsidy provision will shift the labour supply...
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