Assignment Brief and Guidance: LO1 & LO XXXXXXXXXXMarks and Spencer and House of Fraser. LO3 & LO XXXXXXXXXXNokia Scenario MARKS AND SPENCER- What went wrong? M&S has no 'God-given right to stay in...

ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION FORM
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    Student Name
    
    Student ID
    
    Assessor Name
    
    Qualification
    Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business (Management)
    Unit Number & Unit Title
    Unit 17UNDERSTANDING AND LEADING CHANGE
    Assignment Title
    Marks & Spencer and House of Fraser and Nokia
    Date of Submission
    
Signature: ……………… ……………………… Date: ___________________
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION    5
a)    Meaning or definition of Change    5
b)    Different types of changes in an organisation.    5
c)    Explain briefly how change can be perceived as positive    6
d)    Explain briefly how change can be perceived as negative    6
Activity 1    6
P3    6
P1    10
a)    What do you understand by Drivers of Change?    10
b)    Identify and explain minimum FIVE DRIVERS that brought change in Marks & Spencer. What were the recent changes that took place in Marks & Spencer?    10
c)    Identify and explain minimum FIVE DRIVERS that brought change in House of Fraser. What were the recent changes that took place in House of Fraser?    12
d)    Compare Marks and Spencer and House of Frazer where there has been an impact of change on their structure, strategy and operations    14
M1    15
P2    16
a)    Internal Change Affecting Team    16
b)    Internal Change Affecting Leadership    16
c)    Internal Change Affecting Individual Behaviours    16
d)    External Change Affecting Team    16
e)    External Change Affecting Leadership    17
f)    External Change Affecting Individual Behaviours    17
M2    17
a)    System Theory    18
b)    Continuous Improvement Model    18
c)    Burke-Litwin Model    18
D1    19
a)    Recommendations for planning    19
b)    Bohner and Arnold Change Impact Analysis    19
c)    Conclusion    19
Activity 2    20
P4    20
a)    Internal barriers    20
b)    External Barriers    21
M4)    22
a)    Force Field Analysis    22
b)    Driving Forces    22
c)    Resisting Forces    23
D2    24
a)    Organisational Objectives    24
b)    Knowledge of the Employees    24
c)    The Workforce of the Employees    25
d)    The Economy of the Company    25
P5    25
a)    Explain Kurt Lewin’s change Model    26
b)    Explain Kotter’s 8-step change model    27
c)    Explain Situational Leadership.    28
Situational Leadership    28
(M4 & D3)    28
a)    Kurt Lewin’s Change Model    28
b)    Kotter’s Eight-Step Model    29
c)    Situational Leadership    30
d)    Nudge Theory    31
e)    Bridge’s Transition Model    31
f)    The Satir Change Management Model    31
References    33
INTRODUCTION
Meaning or definition of Change
Organisational change is a process, in which an organisation changes their structure, strategies, operational methods, technologies or the organisational culture. The purpose of these changes are because the organisation needs to restructure their entire setup for better performance or introduction of any new technology or project that requires alteration in the organisational structure (Tidd and Bessant, 2018).
Different types of changes in an organisation.
Strategic:
During the course of normal business functioning sometimes the need for some strategic adjustment or new strategic methods as to achieve the organisational needs or to readjust the organisations way of operation based on the changing nature of business or any new government norms that need to readjust the function or introduce any new technology.
Structural:
Organisation often requires redesigning and readjusting their structure. The change is necessary because of introduction of any new technology or methods of work or the change because of any new project. The changes are the hierarchy of authority, goals, structural characteristics, administrative procedures and the management systems. Sometimes the changes take place due to external environmental changes.
Process Oriented:
Organisation needs to reengineer their process timely to achieve the optimum productivity through uninterrupted workflow. The process-oriented changes are necessary to meet the market needs and fulfil the demands. The organisation targets to increase their output therefore the robotics is used where the robots are completing the task in efficient and error freeway with respect to the human.
People Centred:
The people centric changes are taken place in the organisation in order to alter the attitudes, behaviour, skills or the performance of the employees for better productivity. The change will improve the communication within the organisation and will increase the motivation among the employees to perform efficiently.
Planned:
Some organisational changes are termed as planned as with completion of any new project some employees needs to be removed who are working as temporary employees and some permanent employees are transferred to another department. However, some changes are necessary for the machinery setup for new technology arrival or regarding new project.
Emergent:
Some emerging technology or government norms will lead to introduce same changes or need to revamp the entire working setup. These timely and occasional norms based on various issues for example pollution needs to introduce changes. Moreover, some new technology or trends, that are emerging, compel to introduce change (Cameron and Green, 2019).
Explain briefly how change can be perceived as positive
The organisational changes have some positive and negative effects. If the organisational changes are well accepted, the change are being properly implemented, and the goals are achieved then it is termed and positive change. The need and the urgency to achieve the desired result are accomplished then the organisational function will run smoothly. Moreover, if the employees feel that he changes introduced are going to benefit them both in career and personal growth then they will embrace the changes in a positive way.
Explain briefly how change can be perceived as negative
Changes made for achieving the organisational goal if fails to be achieved then the change can be considered as negative. If the desired output is not achieved then there are some flaws. Moreover, if the organisation has received losses in revenue and business then the changes adopted to perform the task then the change is termed negative. If the employees of the organisation feel that any changes introduced will not help them in any ways possible then they will not embrace the changes and that will create a negative impact.
Activity 1
P3
How can the negative impacts of change be minimised? What measures would you recommend? Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method/strategy you have recommended. Choose minimum FIVE strategies.
· Engage Employees in the Conversation as Early as Possible
To minimise the negative effects occurred with respect to changes can be minimised if proper communication is established with the employees as early as possible. The employees must be made aware about the impact and necessity of changes for the betterment of the organisation.
Advantages:
Prior conversation with the employees will help the management of the organisation to make all the purpose clear with them and thus everyone will be made understood their job roles. Moreover, if there any changes that needs to be implemented that can also be discussed and further some tweaks can also be made with the changes.
Disadvantages:
There are some disadvantages with the prior conversation, as the employees will try to manipulate and implement changes that will not make them give extra effort, thus the resultant will be the work will not be done properly to achieve the target. Therefore, not always the prior conversation is effective.
· Create a Culture of Learning
Before any changes that is thought of any is planned to be implemented must be well understood by the employees, as that will help them to understand the work. Hence, a learning platform should be introduced where the proper training regarding the changes will be taught.
Advantages:
The advantages with the training arrangements will help the employees to understand the mechanism and the way of work, that will help them enormously for achieving their goals. Moreover, with the introduction of the new technology always needs a specialised training to understand.
Disadvantages:
The disadvantages is that if proper training is not provided or the employees show reluctance in learning, then it will not help them in work properly with the changes implemented in the organisation. A proper trainer is necessary for providing training for the new changes. If a proper trainer is not available then this can turn out be negative.
· Provide Career Transition Support
An organisational change will support some employees with an opportunity to learn and add skills that will help them to make a transition in their career. A change in the organisation means introduction of any new technology or some new work procedure that will provide learning opportunity for the employees, which will help in the career growth.
Advantages:
The advantage is with respect to the employees, as they will get new learning opportunities. They will be able to scale new heights in their career and that will enhance their performance level, which will in return help the organisation in functioning.
Disadvantages:
A major disadvantage that can be predicted that possibilities are there that while after learning and enhancing their skills the employees will move to another company in anticipation for more growth that will in return turn out to be a negative aspect for the organisation.
· Take time to watch and listen
For any change to work and to monitor the success, it is crucial to provide time to watch the way the new changes are achieving the goals. It will be crucial to listen to the workers or the field operators who are working on that change as the feedback will prove to be vital for the analysing the change.
Advantages:
The advantages that proves is the management will able to monitor the progress of the changes. As the implementation was done on the first place to improve the productivity and increase the output. Therefore, a feedback regarding the work procedure will help for future improvements and provide necessary insight, as that will help the workers to work and deliver more effectively.
Disadvantages:
Based on the urgency regarding delivery of any work or assignment the organisation will look forward for quick work. During that, the company cannot afford to wait and watch, as that will consume a lot of time. Moreover, sometimes the feedback form the employees will not be proven useful, thus wastage of time will take place and the delay of work as well.
· Demonstrate your genuine concern
Whenever a change is proposed and implemented in an organisation the intention of the management is for the betterment of the organisation as a whole including the employees working in there. Hence, it is important to demonstrate and make them understand that the company is genuinely interested in the development of the employees along with the organisation.
Advantages:
The advantage to convey the genuine concern will motivate the employees as they will understand that whatever the management is doing for their betterment and that will led them to participate and perform more effectively to achieve the organisational goals.
Disadvantages:
There is a disadvantage as the company will try to showcase its genuine concern, however some employees will not take it seriously and they will think that whatever the company is doing is for the benefits of company only and the employees will not going to get benefitted. Hence, that will create a negative environment and generate a sense of negligence in work.
N.B: This answer has a conclusion of your own judgement or opinion
In your opinion, based on your experience and real life scenarios, do these measures/strategies really work in all organisations?
Based on the personal experience the measures or the strategies that are discussed above will surely work in the organisation. As the following measure will thoroughly analyse and identify the advantages and disadvantages of the measures. There will be a thorough discussion with the employees regarding the changes along with that a proper training will be provided. A worker will always look forward to learn new things if that person is serious in work. The employee will utilise the opportunity for the career growth and always be ready to learn. The proper learning process will enhance their skills and that will be an advantage for both the organisation and the employee itself.
Whenever an organisation will implement a change, the primary purpose is to increase their productivity and thus increase their income. Therefore, the organisation will ensure that the proper arrangements were made to make the work done. The organisation will look for efficient employees and thus skilled employees will be selected. The existing employees will be given opportunity to learn and increase their job responsibility and open ways for their career growth. Thus, employees will also show interest in learning and thus increase their productivity, which will be beneficial for the organisation in achieving their goals. However, the disadvantages that are discussed will provide a guiding path that will help the organisation in reforming their strategies, thus achieving their goals.
P1
1. What do you understand by Drivers of Change?
The various drivers of changes within these two brands are the human resources, customers, any kind of changes related to legislation, development related to technology. Apart from these, the company is also facing any kind of competitor challenges. These are the facts, which make the organisation and the company in keeping aback to fight in the international markets. However, human resources are being implemented in the company as it is very essential and it can help in the growth of the company. Apart from that, other factors are the growth in business and the factor of globalisation. All these factors are directly linked with his clothing brands and by following this, it can increase industries and factories in any parts of the world.
The various kinds of organisational changes, which are largely affecting both M&S and the House of Frasers are the transformational or radical changes, which are vital and important (Olsen et al. 2018). Secondly, another change is the developmental change. These changes are frequently undertaken by the organisation. Thirdly, the changes, by which the organisation can be rapid enough, are the processing and the systematic change. Fourthly, the change in structure is also important. Without any proper structure, the company will be unable to develop any kind of production materials and think about any future goals. Fifthly, the company also focuses on the cultural and the change in people. All these factors are vital for these two brands.
1. Identify and explain minimum FIVE DRIVERS that brought change in Marks & Spencer. What were the recent changes that took place in Marks & Spencer?
· Change in product line:
Internal Factor:
The new product line introduction will require introducing new design team who will design the latest trends of clothes, which are the current taste of the new generation. Workers need to be trained to make those dresses and if necessary, the required machineries should be installed for the making.
External Factors:
The company should always focus to offer something new as people gets bored easily and they always look for something new. The competitors are offering new trends, hence to be in competition it is always necessary to adopt and bring changes in which the company should introduce new product line.
· Technology:
Internal Factors:
Technology is necessary and helpful for proper implementation of work. With advanced machinery, the company will be able to complete their task in a shorter period. Moreover with the increased efficiency the chances of error will be minimised which save the cost and the security factor will increase.
External Factors:
In the era of digitisation, technology is the most convenient and effective way to reach to the customers. E-commerce is in the rise and the companies are now offering their range of product through online stores where customers can able to select and order and the products will be delivered at their home. Thus, it will effectively help the company.
· Human Resource
Internal Factors:
HR has a crucial function that requires hiring and appointing skilled employees those who are capable for adopting the change and they can able to manage and complete their work in time thus meeting the organisational goals.
External Factors:
The company can only generate revenue when they will be able to generate sales. Therefore, the HR team needs to hire those employees who are efficient in marketing and closing the sales call as to generate sales and earn revenue for the company. Efficient workers capable of dealing with after sales service must be appointed to support with the same.
· Globalisation
Internal Factors:
The business model has changed and the area of doing business has widened. Companies are reaching to various countries therefore they need to restructure and setup their work by appointing required workers and the factory set up or setup of stores. Hence, the internal management needs to plan for implementing all these necessary works.
External Factors:
The management should look for collaboration with other companies and take permission from the governments for starting their operations. Moreover, the company needs to hire those employees who are capable for handling these tasks.
· Government Policies
Internal Factors:
There are many government policies, which keep on changing as to meet some necessary requirements. Therefore, the companies need to restructure their operations as to meet the government norms. Normally the norms will include checking the pollution level during the production like making of clothes and minimising harmful chemicals.
External Factors:
There are some factors where the company needs to follow the societal norms and government rules while selling and promoting their clothes range. Moreover, the company needs to display and promote those clothing range, which will match with the norms, and policies set by the government.
Identify and explain minimum FIVE DRIVERS that brought change in House of Fraser. What were the recent changes that took place in House of Fraser?
(Identify both External and internal drivers whichever is applicable)
· Environmental protection
External Factors:
The environmental changes can cause a series of restructuring in an organisation. The changes will relate to less output of wastage that will create pollution. There are many products, which come in packaging, and that packages don not is decomposed easily or sometimes they at all do not get decomposed. Therefore, organisation should make practice to use such package that is decomposed easily.
Internal Factors:
With respect to the environmental protection, the internal setup should be changed as to use more amount of degradable products. For example, the store can provide paper bags or bag made of clothes, as the use of plastics will be reduced.
· Technology
External Factors:
The technical advancement will help the store to reach to the clients through their e-commerce platform and the customers can easily book their orders, which can be delivered with ease.
Internal Factors:
The internal area of the organisation will be helped through technology with proper functioning of work, as the machineries will complete the work in a fast way and more efficiently with lesser chances of delay.
· Political Change
External Factors:
The change in politics will affect the functioning of the company as the representative elected will take certain decisions and based on that some restructure or the methods of doing business may get changed.
Internal Factors:
As the elected representative will demand to exclusion and inclusion of certain products in the market then based on the requirement the alteration needs to be done. The company has to follow as per the direction of the leader of that country or place.
· Governmental Policies
External Factors:
The policies famed by the government plays a vital role. That change in policy will compel the company to change the methods of their work. The policy can be pricing policies or selling and distribution policy or the competitive market policy. Therefore, to continue with their business and operation the company needs to change their business policy.
Internal Policy:
If the change in government policy demands some new employees, to be hired to curb unemployment, then the company has to open job opportunities for new employees to work. Therefore, they need to do an internal structural change that will generate jobs.
· Customer Preference
External Factors:
With the new trends of clothing or the need for new products, the preference of customers is changed. Hence, the company needs to provide the latest trends and fashion products based on the customer preferences to generate their sales by fulfilling customer needs.
Internal Factors:
The internal restructure needs to be done by bringing in more products that will attract the customers. With that respect the display and the way of representation needs to be done to meet customer needs and thus generate sales.
Compare Marks and Spencer and House of Frazer where there has been an impact of change on their structure, strategy and operations
    
    MARKS AND SPENCER
    HOUSE OF FRAZER
    
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
    With the change in the company, the organisation restructuring has been done as inclusion of many...