Background for this assignment Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) can impact patient safety and lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as adding to the costs of care. Proper hand...

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Background for this assignment


Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) can impact patient safety and lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as adding to the costs of care. Proper hand hygiene has been identified as one of the most effective means to prevent and control the incidence of healthcare associated infections. However compliance is often an issue with clinical staff often not adhering to guidelines related to infection control and hand hygiene. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has developed guidelines in relation to hand hygiene and infection control. You can download this to read.


One aspect of reducing HCAI is to understand the mechanisms by which infections may be spread and secondly to implement strategies such as hand hygiene to reduce the risk of cross contamination.


What you need to do for this assignment


In this assignment you need to identify the mechanisms of how infections may be spread in the healthcare environment and review the evidence for specific actions that can be undertaken to reduce or prevent the spread HCAI’s. Then examine the evidence for different strategies used to ensure hand hygiene compliance.


How will I do this?


You need to search some of the library databases of electronic journals for recent publications related to Infection control, in particular the evidence for hand hygiene and the different approaches to hand hygiene.


Do a search for publications on this area that are less than 5 years old (there are many studies on hand hygiene) on hand hygiene and hand hygiene compliance. Use the evidence to support your discussion.



Whatever you do do not reference Wikipedia or similar websites


Do I need to reference?


Yes and you must use APA style


How many references do I need?


There is no specific number, you need enough to adequately address the topic. If you have 2 or 3 references that indicates very little research into the topic and suggests a very superficial attempt.


If you have 10 you have obviously done more research into the topic so will most likely answer the topic more thoroughly.


How many words?


Yes there is a word limit of 1500 word ( + or - 10%)


Setting it out


Please make sure you double space the text and use 12 point font, use headings and ensure you name is on the assignment. Page numbers are helpful as well.

Answered Same DayApr 11, 2021

Answer To: Background for this assignment Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) can impact patient safety and...

Olivia answered on Apr 16 2021
135 Votes
Running Head: Healthcare associated infections             1
Healthcare associated infections                         2
    
Healthcare associated infections
Healthcare Associated Infections (HCAIs) and their prevalence
Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs), are more commonly known as nosocomial infections. These infections are acquired in patients while they
are receiving treatment for medical or surgical conditions in a hospital or other healthcare setting. Such infections are prevalent in all settings like hospitals, ambulatory clinics, surgical centers, and long-term care facilities including rehabilitation facilities and nursing homes (Fernando, Gray, & Gottlieb, 2017).
Any patient that has been hospitalized is susceptible to getting a nosocomial infection. However, some are at greater risk than others are. For example, the elderly, young children, and persons with compromised immune systems are more likely to get an infection. Other risk factors also play a part such as long durations in hospital stays, failure of healthcare workers to wash their hands, the use of indwelling catheters, and overuse of antibiotics (Siracusa, Scuri, Grappasonni & Petrelli, 2019). Statistics show that about 32% of all healthcare acquired infection are urinary tract infections, 22% are surgical site infections, 15% are pneumonia (lung infections) and 14% are bloodstream infections (Naidoo, 2017).
    The four most common types of HAIs are related to invasive devices or surgical procedures and include:
1. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
2. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
3. Surgical site infection (SSI)
4. Ventilator-associated events (VAE)
    A variety of organisms is responsible for many different types of HAIs. These organisms causing HAIs include:
1. Gram-negative bacteria
2. Burkholderia cepacia
3. Acinetobacter
4. Enterobacteriaceae (carbapenem-resistance)
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
7. Clostridioides difficile
8. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
9. Staphylococcus aureus
10. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)
11. Klebsiella
12. Norovirus
13. Tuberculosis (TB) (Naidoo, 2017)
The mechanisms of how infections may be spread in the healthcare environment
Nosocomial Infection is one of the major problems that are of concern to the healthcare industry. In the hospitals, there is a high risk of patients to be infected by several such bacteria. The major reason why officials are struggling to maintain sterile environment without the slightest chance of such HAIs is that such pathogenic microorganisms have shown several modes of transmission (Fernando, Gray, & Gottlieb, 2017). These bacteria have been isolated from the in dwelling catheters that have shown higher levels of biofilm formation. Using antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, such as 70% ethanol has been effective in prevention growth of microorganisms in equipments like in dwelling catheter (Gluyas, 2018).
These bacteria have several modes of transmission including air borne transmission, droplet transmission, contact transmission, vector borne or common vehicular transmission. Direct contact remains the most frequent method by which infections spread. The next is the droplet transmission that occurs when a person sneezes of coughs or even while rubbing his face or areas of infection. Such microorganisms can survive for hours and even for days on the surfaces like plastics, cardboard, metal etc that...
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