Biorefineries have current and future speculative production of renewable fuels, electricity, and chemicals in conjunction with pulp and paper mills. A Where do national energy security and global...

Biorefineries have current and future speculative production of renewable fuels, electricity, and chemicals in conjunction with pulp and paper mills.

A Where do national energy security and global warming concerns enter this picture?

B Black liquor gasification processes and proper-ties parallel in value, and liquid fuels synthesis have potential to save fossil fuel energy and reduce solid waste discharges. What steps are used in black liquor gasification and liquid fuel synthesis?

C What five changes can you anticipate for the near future in use of biorefineries?