can you complete questions 5 which is 500 words .then question 6 which i would like it to be 750 words please .question 7 and 8 . you will need to look at the class work module 2 and the activites in there on page 8 are what you use for the questions on the word module 2 answers. both will be attached . please on the one magaizine article were it says up to 1000 words , i want this to be 750 please. but read the activites for the answers please .
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REPROGRAMING The International Meditation Teacher Trainers Association Certificate in Autonomic Nervous System Reprograming (ANSR) Postgraduate training course MODULE 2 CONTENTS Lecture Introduction The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The Amygdala INSTRUCTIONS 1. Please read the module lecture below and make notes of any points you find particularly interesting, do not understand or wish to research further. 2. Complete the Submission Form at the end of this lecture. When you have completed the Submission Form and have finished all required work for your submission, refer to instructions for submitting your submission to your teacher for assessment. Your teacher will assess your submission and email your assessment to you within 10 working days. © 2015 Isabelle Cunningham All rights reserved. No part of this training course may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission of the author. MODULE 2 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REPROGRAMING 2 | P a g e LECTURE INTRODUCTION In this course you will learn about the anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), what glands, functions and organs are involved, what neurochemicals are produced and what effect those chemicals have in our bodies. Knowing what the glands are is only a part of this; what makes it real is individual experience, going within and imagining those glands, trying to connect consciously, to feel those organs as you may feel your fingers without touching them. Research will be presented showing how and why change is virtually guaranteed due to the autonomic nature of the body’s function. The autonomic nature of the function allied with conscious practices, breathing exercises, meditative practises, and affirmations reprogram the ANS. THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) The controlling glands of the ANS reside mainly in the brain, the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary along with the adrenal glands which are atop the kidneys. Naturally those glands do not operate in isolation - they are connected. Module 1 presented the three brains, the Triune brain made up of three distinct structures the reptilian, because it is the basic brain structure found in reptiles. the mammalian, or limbic system - this is the higher brain structure added to the reptilian and found in higher order mammals like cats and dogs. the primate brain which is the superior brain structure of primates like monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans. Notice how the reptilian brain of a reptile compares, in appearance, with higher order creatures like mammals and how the reptilian structure remains similar with additional brain structures added: MODULE 2 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REPROGRAMING 3 | P a g e A primary trigger for the ANS is the amygdala, an understanding of their structure and function is pivotal to ANSR. Consider this research: (After showing animal pictures to animals) “Analysis of the data revealed that responsive neurons in the amygdala preferentially fired, after presentation of animal images and this characteristic was lateralized to the right amygdala. Responses were both stronger and faster for animal pictures as opposed to the other visual stimuli. The amygdala is well known to be involved in fear modulation and memory, as well as influencing other types of emotional processing. So, is it expected that cells in this structure would respond so strongly to the sight of animals? There is a moderate precedent from the non-human primate literature. Studies in macaques have revealed strong firing of amygdala neurons to faces, so categorical responses aren't unique in the amygdala. This is true in humans as well, but humans also maintain a different dedicated brain region for face processing, perhaps opening up some portions of the amygdala to take on additional, different roles. But why would we need a dedicated system for animal imagery, elevating this particular stimulus to such an important position in our recognition system? Well this is all speculation, but it isn't difficult to state the obvious and stress that animals were critical as prey for our ancient ancestors, as well as potential threats. Thus, early man may have developed a system to speed our reaction times to such an important category as the landscape was visually scanned for information. Placing this system in a brain region critical to emotion processing could have also more-easily mobilized action through a rapid activation of attack or flight responses.” www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n10/full/nn.2899.html THE AMYGDALA Amygdala pronunciation: [uh-mig-duh-luh] The amygdala (Latin, corpus amygdaloideum) are named for their almond-shape set of neurons located deep in the brain’s medial temporal lobe. Amygdala play a key role in the storage and processing of emotions and memories, they form part of the limbic system. In humans and other animals, this subcortical brain structure is linked to both fear responses and pleasure. Its size is positively correlated with aggressive behaviour across species. http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n10/full/nn.2899.html MODULE 2 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REPROGRAMING 4 | P a g e Perhaps the earliest researcher of the amygdala is TD Lingo. LINGO'S STORY “My story unfolds with me as a spearhead infantry scout for General Patton's army in World War II. The war was horrible on the front lines. My group was one of the first to arrive at Hitler's death camps to liberate the remaining survivors. After I got back home to the US I went to the University of Chicago, and earned my bachelor and master degrees in behavioural science, and almost completed my PhD. My experiences during the war drove me to ask but one question: Why must I kill my brother? To this, my school and professors had no answer. But one professor's advice was, ‘If there is an answer to this question, it's up here,’ pointing to his own grey head. ‘The answer has got to be in the human brain, but the research hasn't yet been done in academe. You're going to have to build your own research centre if you are going to solve that riddle.’ So, I dropped out of my PhD program and started to figure out how to put my own research facility together. I didn't have any money, but I could tell a good story! So, I figured, if there was a fortune to be made in a hurry, maybe I could do it in show business...Turns out I was right...I bought this mountain and built this place with a guitar, three chords, and nine folk songs. I started out playing the local joints around Denver, and eventually I landed a spot on Groucho Marx's ‘You Bet Your Life TV show’ in Hollywood. I wore these old buckskins and I played the part of a backwoods mountain man to perfection. It was during that appearance that a New York producer spotted me. He must have said ‘I know a good phony when I see one, and that son of a bitch is a great one!’ They flew me out to New York City and signed me to do a summer replacement show on NBC. My show was a weekly one where the ‘new’ fad of folk singing (in the late 50s) was featured. People like Burl Ives and Woody Guthrie showed up as guests, and performed with me. What a time we had...and I got paid $2000 an hour to do it! On the last show, I looked straight into the camera and asked the million viewers who were watching, ‘If anybody out there has a mountain to sell, call me.’ And sure enough, somebody called me up right from Colorado. At the end of the summer, I took my money, two grocery sacks full, and ran! I gave one to the IRS and I bought this place, Laughing Coyote Mountain, with the other. I started to axe timber and build log cabin labs. That was in 1957. No sterile formaldehyde bleak lab walls for me...give me fresh air and the beautiful sounds of the forest to think clearly! For the next 30 years I dedicated myself totally to exploring behaviour from the perspective of the human brain. My staff and I looked at every available bit of scientific research and philosophic/religious literature on the subject. We ran our own short and long term experiments with 309 test subjects. In the end, we discovered the mechanisms to release startling new intelligence, creativity, and pleasure, inside each and every human brain. And all our findings are supported and corroborated with foundation findings by scientists elsewhere.” What Lingo and his associates discovered: “The amygdala is all about conditioned responses - how we respond to THREATS, and NEW UNFAMILIAR OBJECTS and DATA, as well as the known and familiar. This extends far beyond ‘see a hot flame or a snake in our path’. The amygdala also processes HUMANS and their perceived intrinsic threats. Example: Your amygdala clicks backward when you see a human lunging at you with a club. It ‘clicks’ backward, and your primal reptile brain survival mechanisms activate (fight or flight). Don't like the word ‘click’? Fine, substitute your own phrase for transmission of electrical chemical signals along neuropathways. But your amygdala is not just an ON or OFF switch. There are degrees, like the rheostat on your wall controlling your heat, or the accelerator pedal on your car. Sometimes the amygdala switch clicks backward MODULE 2 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REPROGRAMING 5 | P a g e FULL and your heart rate skyrockets. But sometimes your amygdala just clicks a little, like when you tell a lie to protect yourself, and your heart rate just jumps a few beats a minute. In the same way, you react - and this includes unconscious or subconscious reaction to cues - to all kinds of stimuli in your environment, including persons, places, and things. If you perceive a THREAT- your amygdala clicks backward into defensive behaviours - and this affects your cortical thinking, more often than not, in limiting rational evaluation.” An apparent function of the amygdala is as an interface connecting the body’s sensory system, its nerves and sense organs, with brain functions, like memory. Recorded in a