Answer To: ASSIGNMENT BRIEF HND Assignment Brief Session: February 2021 Programme title Pearson BTEC Higher...
Sabah answered on May 12 2021
UNIT 4: FUNDAMENTALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Table of Contents
LO1: Role of Research for Evidence-Based Practice in Health and Social Care 3
Introduction 3
Overview of Evidence-Based Approaches in Depression 3
Overview of Evidence Based Approach in Covid-19 3
Role of Evidence Based Approaches 4
Conclusion 5
LO2: Literature Review on the Chosen Topic for Improvements in Care Practice 6
Background Literature to Mental Health of LGBT+ Community 6
Critical Review of Findings of Relevant Literature 6
Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Selected Papers as well as aligning them with the Viability of the Topic 8
LO3: Research Proposal 9
Project Title 9
Introduction 9
Aims and Objectives 10
Aims 10
Objectives 10
Literature Review 10
Background Literature to Mental Health of LGBT+ Community 10
Critical Review of Findings of Relevant Literature 11
Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Selected Papers as well as aligning them with the Viability of the Topic 12
Research Methodology 13
Expected Outcomes 14
LO4: Presentation for Positive Changes in Health and Social Care Practices 15
Introduction 15
How Literature Review Influences EBP 15
How Can Service Delivery be Improved 15
Evidence Based Healthcare and Service Delivery 16
References 18
LO1: Role of Research for Evidence-Based Practice in Health and Social Care
Introduction
Research is known to improve the quality of healthcare services. New information is always emerging hence it is crucial that the healthcare professionals have a thorough knowledge regarding the novel treatment protocols and methodologies to improve patient outcomes. Evidence based practices are making use of the evidences to apply to clinical practices and make informed patient-care decisions.
Overview of Evidence-Based Approaches in Depression
Mental health problems are a leading cause of disability in UK and is often associated with psychological disorders and increased mortality. Evidence based practices for treating psychiatric conditions have found to be very effective. There are several psychotherapeutic treatments available such as cognitive behavioural therapy, pharmacological therapy, interpersonal therapy, all of which have been put to practice in people suffering from mental illnesses and positive health outcomes were measured.
Technological based interventions using mobile apps, telephone and emails have also shown considerable improvements in managing depression. According to Stawarz et al. (2018), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is known to incorporate both cognitive and behavioural aspects of the person and provide a structural approach to address the negative beliefs and emotions. It mainly deals with establishing a therapeutic alliance with the patient and identify the underlying causes of depression in them.
According to Gautam et al. (2020), patients with depression and anxiety are known to focus more on negative thoughts and shortcomings in life with a loss of interest in daily activities. CBT helps in improving patient’s self-esteem, confidence, gain control of their thoughts, mindfulness and positive outlook of life and improves mental as well as physical well-being of patients.
Overview of Evidence Based Approach in Covid-19
Covid-19 was first encountered in year 2020 and since then has been posing serious health risks to an individual’s life. The global pandemic has posed critical challenges towards public health, medical care and clinical research. Mental health of people has been widely impacted all over the world due to unemployment, quarantine, home isolation, stress, fear, anxiety of contracting disease and Covid-19 has further exacerbated the health issues of people having pre-existing illnesses.
According to Foye et al. (2021), the restrictions of pandemic has greatly impacted nursing staff who are left feeling exhausted, tired, isolated, overworked due increased workload, work pressures, enforced medication, safety of patients, seclusion, inadequate working conditions and stress. Hence evidence based approaches are employed that includes public health interventions such as digital technology and telemedicine.
According to Smith, Ostinelli and Cipriani (2021), healthcare systems have made use of IT to support home-based working, video-conferencing and telephonic consultations to provide patients with super-speciality expertise services and treat patients at home. Digital technology aims at delivering mental health services by supporting carers, providing training to public on mental health management. They conduct the programs in large settings through digital means due to lockdown and isolation, promoting mental well-being and then implementing interventions to apply it to different situations.
Role of Evidence Based Approaches
In alignment to our case scenario John and Jane both are known to be suffering from mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. John is a student and Jane is a carer, who is working in a nursing home. Jane is a migrant worker in UK. Due to Covid their mental illnesses have exacerbated and hence a proper evidence based approach needs to be adopted. e-Health interventions consisting of mindfulness based stress reduction is quite helpful and can be used in combination with CBT to prevent stress, depression and anxiety in such patients.
According to Bauerle et al. (2020), due to pandemic psychiatric patients are deprived of their treatments and services adding furthermore to their suffering of anxiousness and depression than public. Web based e-health interventions such as CoPE can be used to cope with psychological distress by being physically active, improving sleeping quality and self-efficacy. It includes psychoeducational videos, interactive exercises and training to enhance knowledge on how stress can be managed.
According to Kopelovich et al. (2020), excellent communication skills is necessary to build trust and engage clients in assessing telehealth services. Medication management, lab reports, test results can all be communicated via emails and text messages. Several smartphone apps have also been used as evidence based interventions to provide assistance in clinical concerns. Education and training is important to recognise physical illness in people suffering from serious mental illness.
Healthcare professionals must treat every patient without showing reluctance to some who have severe mental disorders. Right attitude, knowledge and skills is required to communicate effectively with a mental patient. Physical illness should be integrated with mental illness, patients must be encouraged to monitor their diet, watch their weights and appropriately trained to maintain healthy weight. All this can contribute to healthcare and support services of patients with mental disorder.
Conclusion
Depression is a serious mental disorder and evidence based approaches have shown to deliver very healthy outcomes. Covid-19 has exacerbated people’s ordeals to a major extent. E-health interventions can be adopted by the clinicians to provide access to care to patients with mental disorders. The healthcare professionals needs to adopt excellent communication skills, thorough knowledge and training skills to ensure safe and efficient delivery of care services to the patients.
LO2: Literature Review on the Chosen Topic for Improvements in Care Practice
Background Literature to Mental Health of LGBT+ Community
LGBT community belongs to the sexual minority group that is subjected to discrimination due to their sexual orientation. People from this community are more prone to experience mental health disorders as compared to their heterogenous counterparts. Adolescent stage is the most crucial time of physical developments in the body where there is major identity formation, peer relationships and changes in sexuality.
This tends to development of stress and there is pattern of depression, suicidal thoughts, changed behaviour due to lack of support from the family and society. The literature review is conducted to study the mental health illnesses in people from LGBT community and the care practices, which can be adopted to improve their mental conditions.
Critical Review of Findings of Relevant Literature
LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and others) community are subjected to prejudice, discrimination, homophobic behaviours by people displaying negative attitudes and behaviours towards them. They are often treated with disrespect and verbal abuses because of their sexual orientation, which affects them so much that they start hating their own identities. According to a study, gay men are three times more prone to committing suicides than the public and depression is the leading cause of suicide. UK has witnessed a higher rate of mortality amongst the LGBT community and males’ death rate proportion is considerably higher.
As analysed from the findings of the paper by Lee et al. (2017), depression in gay men results in increased risk of substance abuse such as overuse of alcohol, tobacco, drugs, relationship problems, risky behaviours such as having unprotected anal sex and contraction of HIV. As referred to the study by Yolac and Meric (2020), internalised homophobia is observed amongst LGBT people, which refers to internal conflict of the homosexual regarding his own feelings along with exhibiting rejection of accepting other homosexual individuals feelings too.
This behaviour has known to affect the mental health of several people from this community and as a result, it has been found that there is a higher chance of depression and lifelong suicidal attempts in this community in comparison to the heterogenous populations. As analysed from the findings by Irish et al. (2019), depression leads to changes in weight, psychomotor activities, sleeping patterns, difficulty in concentrations, attention-deficit, low energy levels, non-recognition of self-worth, suicidal thoughts and attempts. This is accompanied with rude and aggressive behaviour and displaying emotions of anger.
Several studies have found that Covid-19 is known to have a great impact on a person’s lives leading to rising cases of mental health problems. Covid-19 has had a detrimental effect on the lives of general population. However, it has exacerbated the mental illness issues in LGBT community even more because of the fact that they are subjected to social and health inequities tremendously. Over 52% of LGBT population decided to claim their lives due to the mental disorders during Covid-19 period with compared to the general population.
These numbers are concerning to all. There is a higher prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption found in people from this community, due to which there is...