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CogLab: Stroop Effect CogLab: The Online Cognition Lab Home Login Access Account Set Up Account Logout About Features Assignments Privacy Policy Purchase Info Requirements Help FAQ Keyboards Password/ID Help Student Manual Tech Support Labs References Instructor Login Access Account Create Group Help Password Help Tech Support Resources Log out of CogLab Stroop Effect Estimated time to complete lab: 30 minutes Background When you first learned to tie your shoelaces, you needed to think carefully through each step of the process. Now, you probably do not even think about the steps, but simply initiate a series of movements that proceed without any further influence. When a behavior or skill no longer requires direct interaction, cognitive psychologists say it is automatized. Many behaviors can become automatized: typing, reading, writing, bicycling, piano playing, driving, etc. Automatization is interesting because it is an important part of daily life. We perform a variety of automatized behaviors quickly and effortlessly. In some cases, people report that they do not consciously know how the behavior is performed, they just will it to happen and it does happen. To explore properties of automatized behaviors, cognitive psychologists often put participants in a situation where an automatized response is in conflict with the desired behavior. This allows researchers to test the behind-the-scenes properties of automatized behaviors by noting their influence on more easily measured behaviors. This demonstration explores a well-known example of this type of influence, the Stroop effect. Stroop (1935) noted that participants were slower to properly identify the color of ink when the ink was used to produce color names different from the color of the ink. That is, participants were slower to identify red ink when it spelled the word blue. This is an interesting finding because participants are told to not pay any attention to the word names and simply to report the color of the ink. However, this seems to be a nearly impossible task, as the name of the word seems to interfere with the participants's ability to report the color of the ink. A common explanation for the Stroop effect is that participants (especially college undergraduates) have automatized the process of reading. Thus, the color names of the words are always processed very quickly, regardless of the color of the ink. On the other hand, identifying colors is not a task that participants have to report on very often and, because it is not automatized, it is slower. The fast and automatic processing of the color name of the word interferes with the reporting of the ink color. Instructions If you have logged in, you'll see a black rectangle below. Make sure that you can see the full area before you begin the lab. Start a trial by pressing the space bar. A fixation dot will appear in the middle of the window, stare at it. A short time later (less than a second) a word (RED, GREEN, or BLUE) will appear on the screen, and the word will be printed in either red, green, or blue. Your task is to classify the color of the font as quickly as possible, regardless of the actual word. After pressing a key to identify the font color, you will receive feedback on whether you were correct. If you were incorrect, the trial will be repeated later in the experiment. If you find you are making lots of mistakes, you should slow down or make certain you understood which key goes with which font color. There are at least 48 trials, 24 in which the font colors and word names are different, and 24 in which the font colors and color names match (e.g., the word "RED" in red font color). At the end of the experiment, you will be asked if you want to save your data to a set of global data. After you answer the question, a new Web page window will appear that includes a debriefing, your data, your group's data, and the global data. Tablet Specific Details If you are using a tablet, tap the Start Next Trial button to start a trial. We suggest having the index, middle, and ring fingers of your right hand positioned slightly above the three color-name buttons. If the word is shown in red, tap the red button. If the word is shown in green, tap the green button. If the word is shown in blue, tap the blue button. Computer Specific Details If you are using a computer, use the index finger of your left hand to start a trial; you do this by pressing the q-key. Rest the index, middle, and ring fingers of your right hand on the j, k, and l keys. (If you are a touch typist, this is where your fingers normally go.) If the word is shown in red, press the j-key. If the word is shown in green, press the k-key. If the word is shown in blue, press the l-key. Change keyboard layout QWERTY QWERTY CSA QWERTY VAR QWERTZ AZERTY Keyboard Help Lab Trials to go: 0 Start Next Trial Red Green Blue Would you like to add your data to the global data set? This is optional. Whatever you choose, CogLab will save your individual data and record that you have completed the lab. Your summary data What methods did we employ in this experiment? On each trial you were shown a word (RED, GREEN, or BLUE) that was printed in either red, green, or blue font color. Your task was to classify, as quickly as possible, the font color, regardless of the word name. The independent variable in this experiment was whether the word name and font color were the same or different. The dependent variable was the response time between the appearance of the stimulus and your response. Only trials in which you made the correct classification were kept. If a trial was incorrect, it was repeated later in the experiment. What do we predict participants will do? Why? The Stroop effect is that people tend to be faster at identifying the font color when the word name and font color are the same and are slower when they are different. How robust is this effect? Are there limits to this effect? Although not large in terms of absolute time, the Stroop effect is very robust. A common explanation for the Stroop effect is that participants (especially college undergraduates) have automatized the process of reading. Thus, the color names of the words are always processed very quickly, regardless of the color of the font. On the other hand, identifying colors is not a task that participants have to report on very often, and, because it is not automatized, it is slower. The fast, and automatic, processing of the color name of the word interferes with the reporting of the font color. Student Information Data Summary forPSY23001Summer2021-17 Date Completed2021-06-13 14:46:11 Eastern Daylight Time Time Spent On Lab35 minutes Word and Font ColorMean RT (ms) Same1593.208 Different1898.458 Your trial-by-trial data Trial NumberConditionWordFont ColorRT (ms) 1SameGREENGREEN1585 2SameGREENGREEN891 3DifferentGREENBLUE1599 4SameGREENGREEN1282 5DifferentGREENBLUE1684 6DifferentREDBLUE1884 7DifferentREDBLUE1640 8SameREDRED1780 9SameBLUEBLUE1531 10SameGREENGREEN1149 11DifferentBLUEGREEN2003 12SameREDRED1438 13SameGREENGREEN1975 14DifferentBLUEGREEN1528 15DifferentBLUERED1577 16SameBLUEBLUE1962 17SameBLUEBLUE1818 18DifferentGREENRED1479 19SameREDRED1452 20SameREDRED1407 21DifferentGREENRED1617 22DifferentBLUERED1733 23SameGREENGREEN1507 24SameBLUEBLUE1981 25SameREDRED1478 26DifferentREDBLUE1959 27DifferentGREENBLUE2436 28DifferentGREENRED1631 29DifferentREDBLUE1862 30DifferentREDGREEN1910 31DifferentBLUEGREEN2177 32SameREDRED1448 33SameBLUEBLUE1724 34SameREDRED1342 35SameGREENGREEN1409 36DifferentBLUERED2246 37DifferentREDGREEN1834 38DifferentGREENRED1403 39DifferentREDGREEN3894 40DifferentREDGREEN1943 41SameBLUEBLUE2165 42DifferentBLUEGREEN2108 43SameGREENGREEN1961 44DifferentGREENBLUE2030 45SameREDRED1335 46SameBLUEBLUE1870 47SameBLUEBLUE1747 48DifferentBLUERED1386 Group data Data for group PSY23001Summer2021 Data as of 2021-06-13 14:46:11 Eastern Daylight Time The mean response time (ms) to correctly indicate the font color. Means based on data from 2 participants. Word and Font ColorMean RT (ms) Same1443.146 Different1630.917 Standard deviations based on data from 2 participants. Word and Font ColorMean RT (ms) Same212.220 Different378.361 Global data Global Data Data as of 2021-06-13 14:46:11 Eastern Daylight Time The mean response time (ms) to correctly indicate the font color. Means based on data from 97936 participants. Word and Font ColorMean RT (ms) Same927.124 Different1109.772 Standard deviations based on data from 97936 participants. Word and Font ColorMean RT (ms) Same303.622 Different359.242 Last Modified: 2014.05.09 06:55 EDT URL: https://coglab.cengage.com/labs/stroop_effect.shtml © 1999-2020 Cengage Learning. 1. Lab Assignment 1- The Stroop Effect This laboratory assignment will provide you with an additional perspective on the Stroop effect. Prior to beginning this experiment, review relevant information on the CogLab site(see attachment). Once you complete the experiment online, you will review your individual data and write up your lab report using the template provided. Follow the lab assignment template (see below) The questions that you will answer in the discussion section are as follows: 1. After analyzing your individual data, were you faster on congruent or incongruent trials? Is this surprising? Why or why not? 2. What is the most commonly accepted explanation of why most people are slower on incongruent trials then congruent trials in the Stroop task? 2. Laboratory Report Template 3. 4. Title Page 5. 6. TITLE 7. Your Name 8. Institution 9. 10. Attention: all text should be indented except for the abstract and headings. Check the APA formatting guide for correct formatting of lab reports (Times New Roman, 12 points, double-spaced, 1” margins on all sides, use hanging indents for references) 11. 12. Abstract 13. 14. Starts on Page 2 – Limited to a 100 words that describe the experiment and the results of the experiment. 15. 16. Introduction 17. 18. Starts on Page 3 – Introduces the topic under investigation. For the purposes of these laboratory reports, you need only summarize the concepts under investigation in the CogLab (e.g. attention, memory, decision making) in 1-2 pages. Make sure you support your assumptions with references. 19. 20. Methods 21. 22. You can omit the “participant” section and begin with Procedures, describing the experimental procedure and variables (independent and dependent) and then Materials (the online materials used). The Procedure and Materials section headings are flush left. 23. 24. Results 25. 26. In 1-2 paragraphs, describe the results of your experiment—if you choose you can, in addition to the description include a table of your data. In addition to your own results, include and analyze group and global data. Don’t include any explanations of the results in this section. 27. 28. Discussion