College Physics II THE FINAL: Torque ‘n it! EPCC HELPFUL AUXILIARY MATERIALS (Links to be opened when online): • Liu , F, Xia, L., and Stuart Crozier XXXXXXXXXXInfluence of Magnetically-Induced...

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College Physics II THE FINAL: Torque ‘n it! EPCC HELPFUL AUXILIARY MATERIALS (Links to be opened when online): • Liu , F, Xia, L., and Stuart Crozier (2003). Influence of Magnetically-Induced E-Fields on Cardiac Electric Activity During MRI: A Modeling Study. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 50:1180-1188, DOI 10.1002/mrm.10639. • The Electrical System of the Body • The Nervous system – part 1 • The Nervous system – part 2 • All About Dogs: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-60439-y • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349512000574 OR: Probing the Cell Membrane by Magnetic Particle Actuation and Euler Angle Tracking (Irmscher et al., 2012) ◦ Important SUPPORTING material from the Irmscher et al. (2012) article are the following links: https://www.cell.com/cms/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.054/attachment/5381ce0f-47b5-4220- b090-f06f1904a679/mmc1.pdf Comprehensive Electromagnetism: Refer to the links above for the following problems. 1. Assume a nerve of 0.50 m in length is stimulated and sends electrical impulses to the brain. Along this section of nerve the velocity of the signal is around 0.40 m/s. How long does a signal take to travel the length of the nerve? Assuming the charge traveling through the nerve to be that of 100.0 electrons, what would be the current traveling through the nerve? What would be the magnetic field strength 0.01x10-3 m away from the nerve? What would the maximum force generated by the current through the nerve be at that same distance? What would be the electric field within the nerve carrying the current? 2. Refer to the “The Electrical System of the Body” link: Assume the same nerve in problem #1 has a diameter of 7.0 µm. Ignoring the temperature factor, what is the resistivity and conductivity of the nerve (assuming it to have the same properties as axoplasma)? What would be the nerve resistance and the electromotive force acting through the nerve (using information from #1)? 3. A cyclist’s thigh at his peak has a circumference of 60.45 cm. During peak performance, the temperature measured from a thigh is 39.0 oC, a three degree change from when the cyclist was at rest. Calculate the rate of heat being released from each thigh. What was his starting temperature? http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.10639/abstract;jsessionid=087D0CCB45B960EECFCE753186D9FA48.f03t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+30th+July+2016+from+08%3A00-11%3A00+BST+%2F+03%3A00-06%3A00+EST+%2F+15%3A00-18%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience. https://www3.nd.edu/~nsl/Lectures/mphysics/Medical%20Physics/Part%20I.%20Physics%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%206.%20Electrical%20System%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%206.%20Electrical%20System%20of%20the%20Body.pdf https://www.cell.com/cms/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.054/attachment/5381ce0f-47b5-4220-b090-f06f1904a679/mmc1.pdf https://www.cell.com/cms/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.054/attachment/5381ce0f-47b5-4220-b090-f06f1904a679/mmc1.pdf 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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349512000574 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-60439-y https://youtu.be/OZG8M_ldA1M?list=PLD1AE40A2752C5F33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E&list=PLD1AE40A2752C5F33&index=177 https://www3.nd.edu/~nsl/Lectures/mphysics/Medical%20Physics/Part%20I.%20Physics%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%206.%20Electrical%20System%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%206.%20Electrical%20System%20of%20the%20Body.pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.10639/abstract;jsessionid=087D0CCB45B960EECFCE753186D9FA48.f03t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+30th+July+2016+from+08%3A00-11%3A00+BST+%2F+03%3A00-06%3A00+EST+%2F+15%3A00-18%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.10639/abstract;jsessionid=087D0CCB45B960EECFCE753186D9FA48.f03t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+30th+July+2016+from+08%3A00-11%3A00+BST+%2F+03%3A00-06%3A00+EST+%2F+15%3A00-18%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.10639/abstract;jsessionid=087D0CCB45B960EECFCE753186D9FA48.f03t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+30th+July+2016+from+08%3A00-11%3A00+BST+%2F+03%3A00-06%3A00+EST+%2F+15%3A00-18%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.10639/abstract;jsessionid=087D0CCB45B960EECFCE753186D9FA48.f03t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+30th+July+2016+from+08%3A00-11%3A00+BST+%2F+03%3A00-06%3A00+EST+%2F+15%3A00-18%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience. 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College Physics II THE FINAL: Torque ‘n it! EPCC Magnetism of Cells 4. Explain within 5 sentences: Read the Irmscher et al. (2012) paper on probing the cell membrane with magnetism. What were the main take-away’s from the article? In figure 1, describe the types of motion the cell membrane endures under the influence of a magnet field. 5. Background information: The methods section describes how a cell membrane can torque based on its magnetic moment of around 2.2x10-13 Am2. However it must be able to at least overcome the vertical force due to gravity of 0.70 pN (i.e. 0.70x10-12N); something that is relatable to overcoming the force due to friction when talking about frictional forces in mechanics. There is another factor that the membranes must overcome, which is hydrodynamic drag (basically fluid drag). In the supplemental documentation, table S1 on the 4 th page lists the magnetic moments possible for a membrane to have. If the minimum magnetic field used to torque the membrane is listed in the 2nd column (i.e. critical field strength), calculate the corresponding torques for each membrane listed in table S1. Use the equation listed atop the table to help you with your calculations. Assuming that there is a linear, one-to-one relationship, the typical actuating magnetic field of 8.0x10-3 T (8.0 mT) will yield 38 Pa of pressure. How much pressure will be exerted at each of the critical magnetic field strengths listed in table S1?