Complete the peer review form using the two attached documents
Insert Title EDD/731 v8 Peer Review Form EDD/731 v8 Page 2 of 2 Peer Review Form Carefully read your classmate’s work. In the table below, provide respectful, constructive feedback with thoughtful insights and comments. Short, simple responses are not appropriate. Point out areas that are well done, as well as areas that may be improved. Classmate’s Name: Criteria Comments/Feedback Content Flow Accuracy of Summation Doctoral-Level Quality Writing Clarity of Writing APA Formatting Areas of Improvement Other Notes Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Running head: SHORT TITLE OF PAPER (<= 50 characters) 1 4 executive summary analysis shelly collins university of phoenix edd/731: economics of education dr. janice terrell january 31, 2022 executive summary analysis constructing a budget for any school district has positive and negative attributes. as stakeholders of public education, it is valuable to understand the process in which education funding undergoes, and to become more aware of why the needs of our students should be met to ensure adequate and equitable education is both given and received for our students. because the budgeting process is meticulous and tedious, it is valuable for all stakeholders to take part in the funding process. the major challenges that are present with executing a well-designed district budget includes ensuring our stakeholders are not placed under a financial constraint by keeping property taxes low, as well as ensuring our students have funding available for authentic education experiences outside of the classroom. to manage this success, firestone (may 2009) suggests that everyone within the district strive to create, cultivate, and implement a culture of success for the benefit of all our students. thus, the budget created for fy 2020 incorporates decisions that will support our students, our teachers, and other education practitioners within our district. there are many fundamental elements regarding the education funding for fy2020. among these, the increase in teacher and leadership capacity takes precedence, along with ensuring our students are properly served by creating new buildings for education. the collection of property taxes, combined with state and federal assistance, will allow our district to serve our students with the best and most comprehensive curriculum and resources to receive an adequate education, which will prepare them for their post-secondary choices. to successfully assist with these specific needs, the budget includes gives details of how the district plans to expend funds to cover costs for capital outlays (new buildings for our students), increase teacher pay, and provide ways in which we plan to supplement special projects for our students. we also believe our students should have access to technology and that our students should be able to learn in environments that are safe. studies have shown that with the proper facilities, creating ways for students to learn in more authentic settings can improve academic success (brimley et al., 2020). the priority areas of our fy 2020 budget include student technology, safety and security, finishing the ada access through high school, and completing our salish coast elementary campus. the district has proposed a property tax increase to 1.88% to assist with these ambitious endeavors. these areas are important to us for several reasons, mainly due to the ongoing struggles we are facing due to the covid 19 pandemic. each area serves a specific purpose. the us department of energy (2008) explains how rising enrollment can increase energy costs by the thousands. because of this, it is necessary to ensure our students do not experience shortages in power or access to heat and air. therefore, it is vital that our students have adequate spaces to learn. thus, the necessity of completing the salish coast elementary school project with full funding will allow our students to experience new and innovative educational experiences, without interruptions. it is projected that the cost to fund this priority is $65,625. creating an opportunity for all our students to have adequate access to education, ensuring we are compliant with federal mandates for our students who are special needs or require resources is vital to their success. being able to ensure our students have these resources will allow them the opportunity to succeed post-secondarily. this idea, coupled with providing equitable technology for our students, allows them to experience different educational activities. the proposed budget for ada is $2,878,952, while the proposed budget for technology is $250,000. each entity that supports education has a significant role to assume to ensure our students have an efficient and equal opportunity to learn. ensuring students have obtained an adequate education, which makes them marketable for their futures, is the goal all stakeholders should strive to achieve. brimley et al. (2020), reminds us that even though the federal government does contribute to education, it is the primary responsibility of the state to ensure adequate and equitable funding is provided for our students. equality of education takes effort and motivation. knoepple et al (2014) remind stakeholders that ensuring equalization of funding take place allows students to have the opportunity to experience the same, or nearly the same, education. to maintain this theory, the budget allots for $350,000,000 to provide equal access, improve efficiency of curriculum and instruction practices, and create equitable access to resources, through our general operations fund. the funding formula for our district includes property tax and timber tax. these taxes are in place to ensure our schools are funded locally. it is valuable for our district stakeholders to be active participants in ensuring our students have access to 100% of the funds budgeted for fy 2020. as a district, we are not anticipating incurring bonds for our fy 2020. if we should incur bond debt, our plan is to repay the bonds through use of earmarked miscellaneous funds of $1,388,000. our district projects the total length of time to complete the salish coast elementary school project within three years. this gives our district time to ensure the structure is sound, fully furnished, transportation and food services are provided, and we can hire the qualified personnel needed for our students who will attend this facility. as we continue to navigate our current budget, we predict the proposed budget for fy 2020 will be received by our stakeholders well and with full support. our district strives to maintain transparency. as we approach the new school year, we perceive that our challenges will lie in the collection of the proposed levies pf $3,121,414. based on our current budget, collection of both the timber tax and the property tax were not collected at 100%. although it is our desire to collect these levies at 100%, we are looking at possible shortfalls in these areas again, by roughly 57%. references brimley, v., verstgen, d.a., & knoeppel, r.c. (2020). financing education in a climate of change. (13th ed.). pearson education, inc. firestone, w. a. (2009). accountability nudges districts into changes in culture. phi delta kappan, 90(9), 670 knoeppel, r. c., first, p. f., & ordu, c. a. (2014). finance equity, student achievement and justice: a five state analysis of equality of opportunity. journal of educational administration, 52(6), 812-832. plummer, e. (2006, october). the effects of state funding on property tax rates and school construction. economics of education review, 25(5), 532 port townsend school district. (n,d,). 2020-21 premliminary local budget summary. https://www.ptschools.org/departments/business_and_finance_/budget___financial_reports port townsend school district. (n.d.). levies for learning. https://www.ptschools.org/levy u.s. department of energy (2008). guide to financing energysmart schools. retrieved on may 12, 2010 from http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/energysmartschools/ess_financeguide_0708.pdf insert title edd/731 v8 budget worksheet and template edd/731 v8 page 2 of 2 budget worksheet and template use this sheet to calculate prior year (py) and current year (cy) revenue, expenditures, fund balances, operational balances, and budget balance. you may move or add items as necessary. no. of students (1,198) x ($_______ / student) = state foundation funding = _____________ local taxes amount quantity of maintenance and operation mills quantity of debt service mills quantity of capital outlay mills total millage assessed valuation 6,445,175,673.00 bonded debt 2,663,626.49 fund 1: salary category py actual cy budget beginning balance 2,100,000 1,946,358 total revenue 19,260,702 19,637,306 total expenditure 12,478,397 11,922,943 total transfers 68,725 69,200 ending balance 1,286,529 1,101,793 full-time equivalents 88.72 85.23 average teacher salary fund 2: operating category py actual cy budget beginning balance 300,000 350,000 total revenue 275,750 261,725 total expenditure 261,150 291,450 total transfers 0 0 ending balance 314,600 320,275 fund 3: building and construction category py actual cy budget beginning balance 0 0 total revenue 0 0 total expenditure 3,900,000 2,700,000 total transfers 0 0 ending balance—building and construction is part of capital outlay 0 0 fund 4: debt service category py actual cy budget beginning balance 1,361,000 1,388,000 total revenue 2,678,839 2,678,515 total expenditure 2,640,843 2,660,275 total transfers 0 0 ending balance 1,398,996 1,406,240 fund 5: capital outlay category py actual cy budget beginning balance 3,700,000 2,132,000 total revenue 1,068,323 1,556,497 total expenditure 3,900,000 2,700,000 total transfers 59,393 250,000 ending balance 808,930 738,497 fund 6: federal grants category py actual cy budget beginning balance 0 0 total revenue 1,460,303 1,454,948 total expenditure 1,460,303 1,454,948 total transfers 0 250,000 ending balance 0 0 fund 7: activity category py actual cy budget beginning balance 2,100,000 1,946,358 total revenue 19,260,702 19,637,306 total expenditure 20,074,173 20,481,871 total transfers 0 0 ending balance 1,286,529 1,101,793 fund 8: food service category py actual cy budget beginning balance 5,240 5,240 total revenue 240,000 210,000 total expenditure 533,312 547,329 total transfers 0 500 ending balance 0 0 fund 9: fixed assets category py actual cy budget beginning balance 0 0 total revenue 0 0 total expenditure 0 0 total transfers 0 0 ending balance 0 0 reference: port townsend school district. (n.d.). 2020-21 draft budget. https://p6cdn4static.sharpschool.com/userfiles/servers/server_154927/file/departments/finance%20and%20business/financial%20rpts/draft%20budget%202020-21.pdf copyright 2020 by university of phoenix. all rights reserved. copyright 2020 by university of phoenix. 50="" characters)="" 1="" 4="" executive="" summary="" analysis="" shelly="" collins="" university="" of="" phoenix="" edd/731:="" economics="" of="" education="" dr.="" janice="" terrell="" january="" 31,="" 2022="" executive="" summary="" analysis="" constructing="" a="" budget="" for="" any="" school="" district="" has="" positive="" and="" negative="" attributes.="" as="" stakeholders="" of="" public="" education,="" it="" is="" valuable="" to="" understand="" the="" process="" in="" which="" education="" funding="" undergoes,="" and="" to="" become="" more="" aware="" of="" why="" the="" needs="" of="" our="" students="" should="" be="" met="" to="" ensure="" adequate="" and="" equitable="" education="" is="" both="" given="" and="" received="" for="" our="" students.="" because="" the="" budgeting="" process="" is="" meticulous="" and="" tedious,="" it="" is="" valuable="" for="" all="" stakeholders="" to="" take="" part="" in="" the="" funding="" process.="" the="" major="" challenges="" that="" are="" present="" with="" executing="" a="" well-designed="" district="" budget="" includes="" ensuring="" our="" stakeholders="" are="" not="" placed="" under="" a="" financial="" constraint="" by="" keeping="" property="" taxes="" low,="" as="" well="" as="" ensuring="" our="" students="" have="" funding="" available="" for="" authentic="" education="" experiences="" outside="" of="" the="" classroom.="" to="" manage="" this="" success,="" firestone="" (may="" 2009)="" suggests="" that="" everyone="" within="" the="" district="" strive="" to="" create,="" cultivate,="" and="" implement="" a="" culture="" of="" success="" for="" the="" benefit="" of="" all="" our="" students.="" thus,="" the="" budget="" created="" for="" fy="" 2020="" incorporates="" decisions="" that="" will="" support="" our="" students,="" our="" teachers,="" and="" other="" education="" practitioners="" within="" our="" district. ="" there="" are="" many="" fundamental="" elements="" regarding="" the="" education="" funding="" for="" fy2020.="" among="" these,="" the="" increase="" in="" teacher="" and="" leadership="" capacity="" takes="" precedence,="" along="" with="" ensuring="" our="" students="" are="" properly="" served="" by="" creating="" new="" buildings="" for="" education.="" the="" collection="" of="" property="" taxes,="" combined="" with="" state="" and="" federal="" assistance,="" will="" allow="" our="" district="" to="" serve="" our="" students="" with="" the="" best="" and="" most="" comprehensive="" curriculum="" and="" resources="" to="" receive="" an="" adequate="" education,="" which="" will="" prepare="" them="" for="" their="" post-secondary="" choices.="" to="" successfully="" assist="" with="" these="" specific="" needs,="" the="" budget="" includes="" gives="" details="" of="" how="" the="" district="" plans="" to="" expend="" funds="" to="" cover="" costs="" for="" capital="" outlays="" (new="" buildings="" for="" our="" students),="" increase="" teacher="" pay,="" and="" provide="" ways="" in="" which="" we="" plan="" to="" supplement="" special="" projects="" for="" our="" students.="" we="" also="" believe="" our="" students="" should="" have="" access="" to="" technology="" and="" that="" our="" students="" should="" be="" able="" to="" learn="" in="" environments="" that="" are="" safe.="" studies="" have="" shown="" that="" with="" the="" proper="" facilities,="" creating="" ways="" for="" students="" to="" learn="" in="" more="" authentic="" settings="" can="" improve="" academic="" success="" (brimley="" et="" al.,="" 2020).="" the="" priority="" areas="" of="" our="" fy="" 2020="" budget="" include="" student="" technology,="" safety="" and="" security,="" finishing="" the="" ada="" access="" through="" high="" school,="" and="" completing="" our="" salish="" coast="" elementary="" campus.="" the="" district="" has="" proposed="" a="" property="" tax="" increase="" to="" 1.88%="" to="" assist="" with="" these="" ambitious="" endeavors.="" these="" areas="" are="" important="" to="" us="" for="" several="" reasons,="" mainly="" due="" to="" the="" ongoing="" struggles="" we="" are="" facing="" due="" to="" the="" covid="" 19="" pandemic.="" each="" area="" serves="" a="" specific="" purpose.="" the="" us="" department="" of="" energy="" (2008)="" explains="" how="" rising="" enrollment="" can="" increase="" energy="" costs="" by="" the="" thousands.="" because="" of="" this,="" it="" is="" necessary="" to="" ensure="" our="" students="" do="" not="" experience="" shortages="" in="" power="" or="" access="" to="" heat="" and="" air.="" therefore,="" it="" is="" vital="" that="" our="" students="" have="" adequate="" spaces="" to="" learn.="" thus,="" the="" necessity="" of="" completing="" the="" salish="" coast="" elementary="" school="" project="" with="" full="" funding="" will="" allow="" our="" students="" to="" experience="" new="" and="" innovative="" educational="" experiences,="" without="" interruptions.="" it="" is="" projected="" that="" the="" cost="" to="" fund="" this="" priority="" is="" $65,625.="" creating="" an="" opportunity="" for="" all="" our="" students="" to="" have="" adequate="" access="" to="" education,="" ensuring="" we="" are="" compliant="" with="" federal="" mandates="" for="" our="" students="" who="" are="" special="" needs="" or="" require="" resources="" is="" vital="" to="" their="" success.="" being="" able="" to="" ensure="" our="" students="" have="" these="" resources="" will="" allow="" them="" the="" opportunity="" to="" succeed="" post-secondarily.="" this="" idea,="" coupled="" with="" providing="" equitable="" technology="" for="" our="" students,="" allows="" them="" to="" experience="" different="" educational="" activities.="" the="" proposed="" budget="" for="" ada="" is="" $2,878,952,="" while="" the="" proposed="" budget="" for="" technology="" is="" $250,000.="" each="" entity="" that="" supports="" education="" has="" a="" significant="" role="" to="" assume="" to="" ensure="" our="" students="" have="" an="" efficient="" and="" equal="" opportunity="" to="" learn.="" ensuring="" students="" have="" obtained="" an="" adequate="" education,="" which="" makes="" them="" marketable="" for="" their="" futures,="" is="" the="" goal="" all="" stakeholders="" should="" strive="" to="" achieve.="" brimley="" et="" al.="" (2020),="" reminds="" us="" that="" even="" though="" the="" federal="" government="" does="" contribute="" to="" education,="" it="" is="" the="" primary="" responsibility="" of="" the="" state="" to="" ensure="" adequate="" and="" equitable="" funding="" is="" provided="" for="" our="" students.="" equality="" of="" education="" takes="" effort="" and="" motivation.="" knoepple="" et="" al="" (2014)="" remind="" stakeholders="" that="" ensuring="" equalization="" of="" funding="" take="" place="" allows="" students="" to="" have="" the="" opportunity="" to="" experience="" the="" same,="" or="" nearly="" the="" same,="" education.="" to="" maintain="" this="" theory,="" the="" budget="" allots="" for="" $350,000,000="" to="" provide="" equal="" access,="" improve="" efficiency="" of="" curriculum="" and="" instruction="" practices,="" and="" create="" equitable="" access="" to="" resources,="" through="" our="" general="" operations="" fund.="" the="" funding="" formula="" for="" our="" district="" includes="" property="" tax="" and="" timber="" tax.="" these="" taxes="" are="" in="" place="" to="" ensure="" our="" schools="" are="" funded="" locally.="" it="" is="" valuable="" for="" our="" district="" stakeholders="" to="" be="" active="" participants="" in="" ensuring="" our="" students="" have="" access="" to="" 100%="" of="" the="" funds="" budgeted="" for="" fy="" 2020. as="" a="" district,="" we="" are="" not="" anticipating="" incurring="" bonds="" for="" our="" fy="" 2020.="" if="" we="" should="" incur="" bond="" debt,="" our="" plan="" is="" to="" repay="" the="" bonds="" through="" use="" of="" earmarked="" miscellaneous="" funds="" of="" $1,388,000. ="" our="" district="" projects="" the="" total="" length="" of="" time="" to="" complete="" the="" salish="" coast="" elementary="" school="" project="" within="" three="" years.="" this="" gives="" our="" district="" time="" to="" ensure="" the="" structure="" is="" sound,="" fully="" furnished,="" transportation="" and="" food="" services="" are="" provided,="" and="" we="" can="" hire="" the="" qualified="" personnel="" needed="" for="" our="" students="" who="" will="" attend="" this="" facility. as="" we="" continue="" to="" navigate="" our="" current="" budget,="" we="" predict="" the="" proposed="" budget="" for="" fy="" 2020="" will="" be="" received="" by="" our="" stakeholders="" well="" and="" with="" full="" support.="" our="" district="" strives="" to="" maintain="" transparency.="" as="" we="" approach="" the="" new="" school="" year,="" we="" perceive="" that="" our="" challenges="" will="" lie="" in="" the="" collection="" of="" the="" proposed="" levies="" pf="" $3,121,414.="" based="" on="" our="" current="" budget,="" collection="" of="" both="" the="" timber="" tax="" and="" the="" property="" tax="" were="" not="" collected="" at="" 100%.="" although="" it="" is="" our="" desire="" to="" collect="" these="" levies="" at="" 100%,="" we="" are="" looking="" at="" possible="" shortfalls="" in="" these="" areas="" again,="" by="" roughly="" 57%. ="" references="" brimley,="" v.,="" verstgen,="" d.a.,="" &="" knoeppel,="" r.c.="" (2020).="" financing="" education="" in="" a="" climate="" of="" change.="" (13th="" ed.).="" pearson="" education,="" inc.="" firestone,="" w.="" a.="" (2009).="" accountability="" nudges="" districts="" into="" changes="" in="" culture.="" phi="" delta="" kappan,="" 90(9),="" 670="" knoeppel,="" r.="" c.,="" first,="" p.="" f.,="" &="" ordu,="" c.="" a.="" (2014).="" finance="" equity,="" student="" achievement="" and="" justice:="" a="" five="" state="" analysis="" of="" equality="" of="" opportunity.="" journal="" of="" educational="" administration,="" 52(6),="" 812-832.="" plummer,="" e.="" (2006,="" october).="" the="" effects="" of="" state="" funding="" on="" property="" tax="" rates="" and="" school="" construction.="" economics="" of="" education="" review,="" 25(5),="" 532="" port="" townsend="" school="" district.="" (n,d,).="" 2020-21="" premliminary="" local="" budget="" summary.="" https://www.ptschools.org/departments/business_and_finance_/budget___financial_reports ="" port="" townsend="" school="" district.="" (n.d.).="" levies="" for="" learning.="" https://www.ptschools.org/levy="" u.s.="" department="" of="" energy="" (2008).="" guide="" to="" financing="" energysmart="" schools.="" retrieved="" on="" may="" 12,="" 2010="" from="" http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/energysmartschools/ess_financeguide_0708.pdf="" insert="" title="" edd/731="" v8="" budget="" worksheet="" and="" template="" edd/731="" v8="" page="" 2="" of="" 2="" budget="" worksheet="" and="" template="" use="" this="" sheet="" to="" calculate="" prior="" year="" (py)="" and="" current="" year="" (cy)="" revenue,="" expenditures,="" fund="" balances,="" operational="" balances,="" and="" budget="" balance.="" you="" may="" move="" or="" add="" items="" as="" necessary.="" no.="" of="" students="" (1,198)="" x="" ($_______="" student)="State" foundation="" funding="_____________" local="" taxes="" amount="" quantity="" of="" maintenance="" and="" operation="" mills="" quantity="" of="" debt="" service="" mills="" quantity="" of="" capital="" outlay="" mills="" total="" millage="" assessed="" valuation="" 6,445,175,673.00="" bonded="" debt="" 2,663,626.49="" fund="" 1:="" salary="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 2,100,000="" 1,946,358="" total="" revenue="" 19,260,702="" 19,637,306="" total="" expenditure="" 12,478,397="" 11,922,943="" total="" transfers="" 68,725="" 69,200="" ending="" balance="" 1,286,529="" 1,101,793="" full-time="" equivalents="" 88.72="" 85.23="" average="" teacher="" salary="" fund="" 2:="" operating="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 300,000="" 350,000="" total="" revenue="" 275,750="" 261,725="" total="" expenditure="" 261,150="" 291,450="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 0="" ending="" balance="" 314,600="" 320,275="" fund="" 3:="" building="" and="" construction="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 0="" 0="" total="" revenue="" 0="" 0="" total="" expenditure="" 3,900,000="" 2,700,000="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 0="" ending="" balance—building="" and="" construction="" is="" part="" of="" capital="" outlay="" 0="" 0="" fund="" 4:="" debt="" service="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 1,361,000="" 1,388,000="" total="" revenue="" 2,678,839="" 2,678,515="" total="" expenditure="" 2,640,843="" 2,660,275="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 0="" ending="" balance="" 1,398,996="" 1,406,240="" fund="" 5:="" capital="" outlay="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 3,700,000="" 2,132,000="" total="" revenue="" 1,068,323="" 1,556,497="" total="" expenditure="" 3,900,000="" 2,700,000="" total="" transfers="" 59,393="" 250,000="" ending="" balance="" 808,930="" 738,497="" fund="" 6:="" federal="" grants="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 0="" 0="" total="" revenue="" 1,460,303="" 1,454,948="" total="" expenditure="" 1,460,303="" 1,454,948="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 250,000="" ending="" balance="" 0="" 0="" fund="" 7:="" activity="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 2,100,000="" 1,946,358="" total="" revenue="" 19,260,702="" 19,637,306="" total="" expenditure="" 20,074,173="" 20,481,871="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 0="" ending="" balance="" 1,286,529="" 1,101,793="" fund="" 8:="" food="" service="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 5,240="" 5,240="" total="" revenue="" 240,000="" 210,000="" total="" expenditure="" 533,312="" 547,329="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 500="" ending="" balance="" 0="" 0="" fund="" 9:="" fixed="" assets="" category="" py="" actual="" cy="" budget="" beginning="" balance="" 0="" 0="" total="" revenue="" 0="" 0="" total="" expenditure="" 0="" 0="" total="" transfers="" 0="" 0="" ending="" balance="" 0="" 0="" reference:="" port="" townsend="" school="" district.="" (n.d.).="" 2020-21="" draft="" budget.="" https://p6cdn4static.sharpschool.com/userfiles/servers/server_154927/file/departments/finance%20and%20business/financial%20rpts/draft%20budget%202020-21.pdf="" copyright="" 2020="" by="" university="" of="" phoenix.="" all="" rights="" reserved.="" copyright="" 2020="" by="" university="" of="">