Completer each Discussion. For the Accounting include graphs and/or charts. Powerpoints are from the book for MBA 522.
4/11/22, 7:04 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67773/discussion_topics/1414710 1/4 This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Apr 17 Unit 5: Discussion Shrinking Batch Sizes in the Apparel Industry Source: Garrison, R., Noreen, E., & Brewer, P. (2021). Managerial accounting (17 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Directions Business Focus It may seem logical to conclude that apparel manufacturers would try to produce garments in very large batch sizes in an effort to spread their batch-related costs over more units. However, the downsides of producing clothing in huge production runs is that it lengthens the manufacturers’ customer response times and limits their customization capabilities. Spencer Fung manages Li & Fung Ltd., a supply chain management company that operates in the global garment industry. He says “just look at the average size of orders—it’s been going down for years. It went from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands. And it will keep going down until it approaches a unit of one.” This trend is arising because the internet enables customers to shop 24 hours a day while encouraging them to expect continuous access to new styles of custom- tailored clothing. Numerous companies, such as Amazon.com, are exploring “click, buy, and make” order-to-delivery platforms that would enable them to use technology-intensive manufacturing processes to produce garments in batch sizes of one. Source: Khan, Natasha. “Tech Puts Fast Fashion on Steroids,” The Wall Street Journal, April 10, 2018, p. B7. th Initial Posting Peer Responses 4/11/22, 7:04 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67773/discussion_topics/1414710 2/4 Initial Posting Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the ideal order quantity a company should purchase for its inventory given a set cost of production, a certain demand rate, and other variables. This is done to minimize inventory holding costs and order-related costs. The Following excerpt is taken from How to make EOQ Relevant Again (https://www.sdcexec.com/sourcing-procurement/article/10732246/how-to-make-eoq-relevant-again) (2012). EOQ will increase as the annual demand and the cost of ordering increase and it will decrease as the cost of carrying inventory and the The concepts of Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean have led many to question the continued relevance of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), whose function is to identify the optimum order with the lowest cost parameter. In response, yes, it is still valid as a basic analytic tool, however, many supply chain industry executives perceive it as irrelevant. Many companies cannot apply it—even if they wanted to—because they do not know their acquisition costs to place an order or their yearly inventory carrying cost rate. EOQ is used despite its highly restrictive assumptions that: demand is relatively constant and is known or predictable; the item is purchased in lots or batches and not continuously; the order and preparation costs (acquisition or purchase cost per order) and the inventory carrying costs are constant and known; and replacement of inventory occurs all at once. And knowing how to apply EOQ practically is just as important as being able to use the formula calculation itself. https://www.sdcexec.com/sourcing-procurement/article/10732246/how-to-make-eoq-relevant-again 4/11/22, 7:04 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67773/discussion_topics/1414710 3/4 Due Dates Initial Post Online Students: by 11:59 p.m., Wednesday CT. Blended Students: by at least 5 hours prior to the scheduled class session. Peer Responses Online and Blended: Respond to a minimum of two peers' initial postings by 5:00 p.m., Sunday, CT. In your initial post, defend your position on batch size and tell whether Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is relevant to your selected company/industry. Identify how metrics are used in the company/industry to support use of batch size or EOQ. Enter your company’s story along with narrative and relevant metrics in the initial post of the Discussion Forum. Submission Requirements This report should: be prepared as a Microsoft™ Word document and attached to the unit discussion thread. be cut and paste it into your response explicitly address all required components of this discussion assignment (There is no minimum or maximum in terms of the word count). consistent with the most current APA writing style reflect higher level cognitive processing (analysis, synthesis and or evaluation). Determine your metrics EOQ involves determining the optimal quantity to purchase when orders are placed. For example, small orders result in low inventory levels and inventory carrying costs, frequent orders and higher ordering costs; while large orders result in higher inventory levels and inventory carrying costs and infrequent orders and lower ordering costs. Alarmingly, many companies have never determined their cost of placing and processing a single purchase order (e.g., the time and extra cost to send in an order for an item, receive it, handle the supplier’s invoice and pay for it). This cost of placing and processing a single paper-based purchase order (PO) is often substantial—in the range of $35 to $200 per PO. The cost impact of placing and processing a single PO in many instances is further aggravated by the higher receipt handling processing and inbound freight charges that may incur for smaller and more frequently delivered orders. Worse yet is that some companies only use the holding cost as the extra cost of money invested in stock rather than an inventory carrying cost (ICC) rate. Normally, the holding cost portion is the actual out-of- pocket expense for money borrowed from a bank or interest which varies with the prime borrowing rate. For others, the holding cost may constitute the imputed “opportunity cost” on the use of equity capital earned by investing it in a high yielding security. 4/11/22, 7:04 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67773/discussion_topics/1414710 4/4 Replies are only visible to those who have posted at least one reply. Search entries or author Reply Unread 4/11/22, 7:09 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67793/discussion_topics/1414733 1/2 This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Apr 17 Unit 5: Discussion 1 1 Introduction The word politics often elicits more negative than positive connotations. Popular culture portrays politicians as underhanded, power-hungry, and ruthless in their ambitions. Nevertheless, all persons possess the capacity to engage in self-serving behavior. Politics exist wherever conflict and competition collide. Organizational politics, behavior that is not formally sanctioned by the organization, focuses on maximizing one’s self-interest, often at the expense of the organization or other employees. Whether one chooses to engage in it or avoid it, organizational politics is a reality in every workplace. Hence, a critical component of any leader or managers’ decision-making processes. Directions Click for Unit Learning Outcomes Initial Post Part 1 Read carefully “Examining the Evidence- Political Behavior: A Viable Coping Strategy for Organizational Politics?” found in Chapter 13 of the Neck et al. textbook. For the discussion by: Identify positive effects of organizational politics as articulated by academic and business sources (not just the Neck et al. textbook) Assessing best practices for mangers and leaders to leverage effectively organizational politics (make sure to base your assessment on scholarly and practitioner literature, not just your opinion) Evaluate best practices for managers and leaders to minimize negative employees’ perceptions of organizational politics. Part 2 Initial Post Peer Response 4/11/22, 7:09 PM Topic: Unit 5: Discussion https://canvas.park.edu/courses/67793/discussion_topics/1414733 2/2 Replies are only visible to those who have posted at least one reply. Search entries or author Reply Due Dates Initial Post: Post by 11:59 p.m., Wednesday CT. Peer Response: Respond to two or more classmates by 5:00 p.m., Sunday, CT. Next, take Self-Assessment 13.1 [How Political Is My Organization] located in Chapter 13 of the Neck et al. text. Consider sharing your results and what this assessment provides about how you approach decisions. Unread PowerPoint Presentation Chapter 12 Leadership Perspectives 2 Case Study: Procter and Gamble’s Leadership Training Program Case Questions: Why does Procter and Gamble draw so many job applicants? How did Procter and Gamble influence the creation of their industry as it pertains to safety? Neck, Organizational Behavior, 2e. © SAGE Publishing, 2020. 3 3 What Is Leadership? A process of providing general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the successful attainment of goals “As a leader, it’s a major responsibility on your shoulders to practice the behavior you want others to follow.” —Himanshu Bhatia, Rose International, Inc Neck, Organizational Behavior, 2e. © SAGE Publishing, 2020. 4 LO 12.1 Explain the basic concept of leadership The search for what makes a good leader has been going on for centuries and, in spite of myriad studies, there are no conclusive answers. Although many definitions exist, for our purposes, leadership is a process of providing general direction from a position of influence to individuals or groups toward the successful attainment of goals. What makes a great leader? On what basis do you identify them as leaders? Popularity? Achievement? The way they communicate? Perhaps it’s something intangible, like a leader’s charisma. 4 Formal and Informal Leadership Formal Leaders: A formal leader is officially designated by the organization, such as when the board of directors appoints a CEO. Informal Leaders: An informal leader does not receive a title but is perceived by others as a leader. Neck, Organizational Behavior, 2e. © SAGE Publishing, 2020. 5 LO 12.2 Distinguish between formal and informal leadership and between leadership and management Within most organizations, there are two types of leaders: formal and informal. A formal leader is officially designated by the organization, like a CEO who is appointed by the board of directors. For example, although Marillyn Hewson was only appointed CEO of Lockheed Martin in 2013, she has been named as the one of the best-performing CEOs in the world. An informal leader does not receive a title but is perceived by others as a leader. For example, in the teaching profession, teachers hold both formal and informal roles in order to provide leadership by example for their peers. See, for instance, Neubert, M. J., & Taggar, S. (2004). Pathways to informal leadership: The moderating role of gender on the relationship of individual differences and team member network centrality to informal leadership emergence. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 175–194; Pan, J., Liu, S., Ma, B., & Qu, Z. (2018) How does proactive personality promote creativity? A multilevel examination of the interplay between formal and informal leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. The best-performing CEOs in the world. Harvard Business Review, November 2016. https://hbr.org/2016/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world Kearney, P. J. 5 Tips for teacher leaders. Huffington Post, August 23, 2017. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/five-tips-for-teacher-leaders_us_599dd57ae4b0b87d38cbe701 5 Formal and