Discussion1After reading chapter 9(THIS CHAPTER IS IN THIS BOOK :Foundations of Nursing in the Community (4th ed.) Stanhope, M. and Lancaster, J XXXXXXXXXXElsevier/Mosby. ISBN:...

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Discussion1





After reading chapter 9(THIS CHAPTER IS IN THIS BOOK :


Foundations of Nursing in the Community (4th ed.) Stanhope, M. and Lancaster, J. (2014). Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN: 978-0-323-10094-6)


,








describe epidemiology and the role played by nurses in this field of health care. Compare and contrast the terms “epidemic”, endemic, and pandemic”.








Discussion2








As science and technology advance,and policy makers and health care providers continue to shape healthcare practices including information management, it is paramount that ethical decisions are made. Health care professionals are typically honest, trustworthy, and ethical, and they understand that they are duty bound to focus on the needs and rights of the patients.



Identify moral dilemmas in health care informatics that would best be approached with the use of an ethical decision-making framework, such as the use of smartphones to interact with patients as well as to monitor and assess patient health






NB

Foundations of Nursing in the Community (4th ed.) Stanhope, M. and Lancaster, J. (2014). Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN: 978-0-323-10094-6( Please this book will be use as references) but all others references has be listed for the 2 discussions because they are different. thank you!








USE APA FORMAT





















Foundations of Nursing in the Community: Community-Oriented Practice, 2nd Edition CHAPTER 26 Infectious Disease Prevention and Control All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives Discuss the current effect and threats of infectious diseases on society. Explain how the elements of the epidemiologic triangle interact to cause infectious diseases. Provide examples of infectious disease control interventions at the three levels of public health prevention. Explain the multisystem approach to the control of communicable diseases. Define surveillance, and discuss the functions and elements of a surveillance system. All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Objectives Discuss the factors contributing to newly emerging or reemerging infectious diseases. Discuss the illnesses most likely to be associated with the intentional release of a biological agent. Discuss issues related to obtaining and maintaining appropriate levels of immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases. Describe issues and agents associated with foodborne illness and appropriate prevention measures. Define the blood-borne pathogen reduction strategy, Universal Precautions. All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Introduction Worldwide concern about infectious diseases. Concern has increased with the growth of migration. As people move from one place to another they bring their diseases, levels of immunity and resistance to diseases, and the viruses or bacteria they may harbor that have not emerged as diseases in them. All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. The topic is complex and includes study of a wide range and variety of organisms, the pathology they may cause; and their diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. The topic also requires a global perspective in that currently some infectious diseases are reappearing in the United States such as measles in which the recent increase is attributed to children traveling to countries where the vaccination rate is not as high as in the U.S. * Historical and Current Perspectives 1900: communicable diseases were the leading causes of death in the U.S. By 2000, improved nutrition and sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics had put an end to the epidemics that once ravaged entire populations. As people live longer, chronic diseases replaced infectious diseases as the leading causes of death. Infectious diseases are still the number-one cause of death worldwide New killers are emerging, and old familiar diseases are taking on different, more virulent characteristics. All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Transmission of Communicable Diseases Agent, Host, and Environment Modes of Transmission Vertical transmission Horizontal transmission Common vehicle Vectors Disease Development Disease Spectrum Endemic Epidemic Pandemic All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Surveillance of Communicable Diseases Surveillance: gather the who, when, where, and what; these elements are then used to answer why. Surveillance for Agents of Bioterrorism Syndromic surveillance systems Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) List of Reportable Diseases Varies by state All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. A good surveillance system systematically collects, organizes, and analyzes current, accurate, and complete data for a defined disease condition. The resulting information is promptly released to those who need it for effective planning, implementation, and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs. * Emerging Infectious Diseases Emerging Infectious Diseases: those in which the incidence has actually increased in the past two decades or has the potential to increase in the near future Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome HIV/AIDS New influenza viruses (i.e., A H1N1) West Nile virus (WNV) Emergency Factors All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases Primary Prevention: seeks to reduce the incidence of disease by preventing it before it happens Secondary Prevention: aims to prevent the spread of disease once it occurs Tertiary Prevention: works to reduce complications and disabilities through treatment and rehabilitation All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Role of Nurse in Prevention Control, teach about, monitor, and treat persons with communicable diseases * Agents of Bioterrorism Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Plague (Yersinia pestis) Smallpox (variola major) Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Selected hemorrhagic viruses (Filoviridae and Arenaviridae) All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Routine Childhood Immunization Schedule Measles Rubella Pertussis Influenza All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Routine Childhood Immunization Schedule The 11 diseases children are immunized against are hepatitis B, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, Haemophilus influenzae, type B meningitis, varicella (chickenpox), and Streptococcus pneumonia * Food- and Water-borne Diseases FoodNet Salmonellosis Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Pathogens All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Vector-borne Diseases, including Zoonoses Vector-borne Diseases: refers to illnesses for which the infectious agent is transmitted by a carrier (vector) Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever Zoonoses Rabies All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Parasitic Diseases Intestinal Parasitic Infections Parasitic Opportunistic Infections All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Diseases of Travelers Individuals traveling outside the U.S. need to be aware of and take precautions against potential diseases they may be exposed to. Traveler may return to U.S. with an “unplanned souvenir”; health professionals taking client history need to consider recent travel by the client. Malaria Foodborne and waterborne diseases Diarrheal diseases All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Health Care-Acquired Infections Health care-acquired Infections (HAI): infections acquired during hospitalization or developed within the hospital setting May involve patients, health care workers, visitors, and anyone who has contact with a hospital Universal Precautions: procedures to prevent exposure to blood-borne diseases All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. * All items and derived items © 2014, 2010, 2006, 2002 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Bioinformatics The Use of Technology Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary science with a focus on data management and interpretation for complex biological phenomena that are analyzed and visualized using mathematical modeling and numerical methodologies with predictive algorithms Bioinformatics Has also been defined as the branch of biology that is concerned with the acquisition, storage, display, and analysis of the information found in nucleic acid and protein sequence data. Computers and bioinformatics software are the tools of the trade Genomics “omics" are suffixes that are derived from genome Botanist Hans Winkler merged the Greek words "genesis" and "soma" to describe a body of genes in 1920. The term genome was born and genomics arose as the study of the genome. Biomedical Informatics is the study and process of efficiently gathering, storing, managing, retrieving, analyzing, communicating, sharing, and applying biomedical information to improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of disease Computational Biology The actual process of analyzing and interpreting data Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project 100 million pilot will map the genomic changes in brain, lung and ovarian cancers to assess the feasibility of a full-scale effort to systematically explore the entire spectrum of genomic changes involved in every major type of human cancer the goal of this project is to develop a resource for the development of new strategies for preventing, diagnosing and treating the disease International HapMap Project’s (2006) An international partnership of scientists cataloging some of the common variations in DNA and investigating inherited alleles. Goal was to develop a haplotype map of the human genome, the HapMap, which will describe the common patterns of human DNA sequence variation. Expected to be a key resource for researchers to use to find genes affecting health, disease, and responses to drugs and environmental factors. Human Genome Project (HGP) lasted 13 years -completed in 2003 this program was designed to identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project Summary Biomedical informatics provides knowledge about the effects of DNA disparities among individuals. Being able to study human genomes and biological processing at the molecular level will revolutionize how we diagnose and provide care. It is helping us to prevent disease. If we can better understand organisms’ biological processes and genetic coding, we can better prevent or treat their attack on our patients. Clinical care as we know it will change; it will become genomics based. Thought Provoking Questions Discussion Question: This new information and knowledge will continue to help clinicians find ways to improve health and prevent disease. How do you envision patient care will change based on genomics in 10 years, 20 years, or 50 years in the future?
Answered Same DayJan 16, 2023

Answer To: Discussion1After reading chapter 9(THIS CHAPTER IS IN THIS BOOK :Foundations of Nursing in the...

Ayan answered on Jan 17 2023
30 Votes
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT        2
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Table of contents
Discussion 1    3
Discussion 2    4
References    6
Discussion 1
    Epidemiology is the study
of how health-related states or events are distributed and determined, as well as the application of this knowledge to the prevention and treatment of diseases and other health issues (Sukhdeo, Mishra & Walmsley, 2022). By gathering information on health outcomes and risk factors, keeping an eye on infectious disease outbreaks, and educating the public about disease prevention, nurses play a crucial role in epidemiology.
    An "epidemic" is defined as a rapid rise in the incidence of a disease in a population beyond what is typically anticipated. An "endemic" illness is one that is consistently present in a community, usually at a low level. A "pandemic" is a major illness epidemic that affects many people all over the world.
    In conclusion, a pandemic is an outbreak that is widespread around the world whereas an epidemic is a sudden outbreak of a disease. By gathering information, tracking outbreaks, and informing the public, nurses are essential at all phases of these illnesses.
    In epidemiology, nurses are a vital element of the medical team and are crucial in disease monitoring, outbreak investigation, and epidemic control (Esmaeilzadeh, 2020). They gather information on health outcomes and risk factors, keep an eye on infectious disease outbreaks, and inform the public about illness prevention. For instance,...
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