DWIN309 Developing Web Information Systems Week 1 Introduction to Web development and Tools Kent Institute Australia Pty. Ltd. ABN 49 003 577 302 CRICOS Code: 00161E RTO Code: 90458 TEQSA Provider Number: PRV12051WWW • The World Wide Web (WWW) was developed by Tim Berners-Lee and other research scientists at CERN, the European center for nuclear research, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. • WWW is a client-server model and uses TCP connections to transfer information or web pages from server to client. • WWW uses a Hypertext model. Hypertext allows interactive accesses to a collection of documents. • Documents can hold • Text (hypertext), Graphics, Sound, Animations, Video • Documents are linked together • Non-distributed – all documents stored locally (e.g on CD-Rom). • Distributed – documents stored at remote servers on the Internet.WWW – Hyperlinks or links • Each document contains links (pointers) to other documents. • The link represented by "active area" on screen • Graphic - button • Text - highlighted • By selecting a particular link, the client fetches the referenced document from a server for display. • Links may become invalid. • Link is simply a text name for a remote document. • Remote document may be moved to a new location while name in link remains in place.WWW – Document Representation • Each WWW document is called a page. • Initial page for individual or organization is called a home page. • Page can contain many different types of information; page must specify: • Content – The actual information • Type of content – The type of information, e.g. text, pictures etc. • Links to other documents • Rather than having a fixed representation for every browser, pages are formatted with a mark up language. • This allows browser to format page to fit display. • Different browsers can display pages in different ways. • This also allows text-only browser to discard graphics for example. • Standard is called HyperText Markup Language (HTML).WWW- HTML • HTML specifies • Major structure of document • Formatting instructions for browsers to execute. • Hypertext links – Links to other documents • Additional information about document contents • Two parts to document: • Head contains details about the document. • Body contains the information/content of the document. • Each web page is represented in ASCII text with embedded HTML tags that give formatting instructions to the browser. • Formatted section begins with tag, • End of formatted section is indicated by WWW – HTML Example Lecture notes for today go here!

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The architecture of a web application • WWW consists of many components working together to bring a web page to your desktop over the Internet. • Web applications use a client-server architecture consisting of servers that share resources with clients over a network. Database Server The Internet Client Client Web Server Email Server A simple client-server architectureThe architecture of the Internet LAN LAN LAN LAN WAN LANWAN IXP LAN WAN IXP LAN LAN LAN LAN LAN WAN IXP LANKey terms • A server makes resources available to other computers called clients over a network. A server can share files, printers, web sites, databases, or e-mail. • A network uses routers to get information from the sender to its destination. • A Local Area Network (LAN) directly connects computers that are near each other. • A Wide Area Network (WAN) uses routers to connect computers that are far from each other. • The Internet consists of many WANs that have been connected together at Internet Exchange Points (IXP). A list of IXPs can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXP. • An Internet Service Provider (ISP) owns a WAN and leases access to this network. It connects its WAN to the rest of the Internet at one or more IXPs.Static web pages • A static web page is a web page that only changes when the web developer changes it. It is a plain text file that contains all the content to be displayed in the web browser. This web page is sent directly from the web server to the web browser when the browser requests it.A simple HTTP request GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com A simple HTTP response HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 136 Server: Apache/2.2.3

This is a sample web page

Two protocols that web applications depend on • HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol that web browsers and web servers use to communicate. It sets the specifications for HTTP requests and responses. • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of protocols that let two computers communicate over a network. Description • HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to design the web pages of an application. • A static web page is an HTML document that’s stored on the web server and doesn’t change in response to user input. Static web pages have a filename with an extension of .htm or .html. • When the user requests a static web page, the browser sends an HTTP request to the web server that includes the name of the file that’s being requested. • When the web server receives the request, it retrieves the web page and sends it back to the browser in an HTTP response. This response includes the HTML document that’s stored in the file that was requested.Dynamic web pages • A dynamic web page is a page that’s created by a program or script that’s running on a server. This means that the page can be changed each time it is viewed. • The changes in the page can come from processing the form data that the user submits or by displaying data that’s retrieved from a database server. HTTP request HTTP response Web Browser Web Server Database Server PHP Script How a web server processes a dynamic web page With PHPWeb browsers • Internet Explorer • Firefox • Safari • Opera • Chrome Web servers • Apache • IIS Server-side languages • PHP • JSP • ASP.NET • Perl • Python Database servers • MySQL • Oracle • DB2 • MS SQL ServerHighlights in the history of PHP Version Year Description 2 1995 Personal Home Page. 3 1998 PHP: Hypertext Processor 4 2000 Introduced the Zend Engine 5 2004 Introduced the Zend Engine II. Improved support for OOP Added the PHP Data Objects extension What’s new in PHP 7Highlights in the history of MySQL Version Year Description 3.23 1995 The original version of MySQL 4.0 2003 Introduced support for unions. 4.1 2004 Introduced support for subqueries and prepared statements. 5.0 2005 Introduced support for stored procedures, triggers, views, and transactions. 5.1 2008 Introduced support for row-based replication and server log tables.MySQL notes • MySQL is owned and sponsored by MySQL AB, a forprofit firm. • In 2008, Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB. • In 2009, Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems. • In 2009, many of the original developers of MySQL left MySQL AB and begin working on different forks of the open-source code. One of the most popular of these forks is MariaDB. Check current version of MySQL hereThe Product Discount application • To give a better idea of how a PHP application works, this topic presents a simple application. This application consists of three files: an HTML file, a CSS file, and a PHP file.The first page of an applicationThe second page (display_discount.php)The HTML file (index.html)

Product Discount Calculator

Product Description:

List Price:

The HTML file (index.html) (continued) Discount Percent: %



The CSS file (main.css) body { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 1em; padding: 0; } main { display: block; width: 450px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1.5em; background: white; border: 2px solid navy; } h1 { color: navy; } label { width: 10em; padding-right: 1em; float: left; }The CSS file (main.css) (continued) #data input { float: left; width: 15em; margin-bottom: .5em; } #data span { padding-left: .25em; } #buttons input { float: left; margin-bottom: .5em; } br { clear: left; }The PHP file (display_discount.php) The PHP file (display_discount.php) (continued)

Product Discount Calculator

Product Description:

List Price:

The PHP file (display_discount.php) (continued) Standard Discount:

Discount Amount:

Discount Price:


Notepad++ with three tabs open Figure 1-10 How to edit a PHP file with a text editorHow to open files in Notepad++ • Use the Open button in the toolbar. • Right-click on the file in Windows Explorer and select Edit with Notepad++. How to save the current file • Use the Save button in the toolbar. • Press Ctrl+S. How to save all open files • Use the Save All button. Figure 1-10 How to edit a PHP file with a text editor (cont…)How to close the current file in Notepad++ • Use the Close button in the toolbar. How to close all open files • Use the Close All button. How to open a new file in a new tab • Use the New button in the toolbar. Figure 1-10 How to edit a PHP file with a text editor (cont…)The XAMPP control panel Figure 1-11 How to start and stop Apache and MySQL on your own computerHow to start the XAMPP control panel • Select the XAMPP Control Panel item from the Windows Start menu or double-click on the XAMPP icon on your desktop. How to start and stop Apache or MySQL • Click on its Start or Stop button. • To start Apache or MySQL automatically when your computer starts, click the Services button in the XAMPP control panel. About XAMPP • XAMPP is a free, open-source web server package. • The package consists of Apache, MySQL, and interpreters for PHP. • XAMPP can be easily installed. • XAMPP is available for Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X systems (the X in XAMPP stands for cross-platform). Figure 1-11 How to start and stop Apache and MySQL on your own computer (cont…)The directories for a PHP app on a local server xampp htdocs (the document root directory) guitar_store (the application root directory) catalog styles admin index.php imagesThe structure for book_apps and ex_starts xampp htdocs book_apps ch02_product_discount ch02_future_value ch01_product_discount ex_starts ch02_ex1 ch02_ex2 ch04_product_list ch04_product_manager ... ch04_ex1 ...How to deploy a PHP application on a local server • Copy all of the directories and files for an application to the \xampp\htdocs directory on the server. How to deploy the downloadable applications on a local server • Copy the book_apps and ex_starts directories and all their contents to the \xampp\htdocs directory on the server. How to deploy an application on an Internet server • Use an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) program to upload the tested directories and files to the htdocs directory of the Apache web server.The components of an HTTP URL What happens if you omit parts of a URL • If you omit the protocol, the default of http:// will be used. • If you omit the filename, one of the default filenames for the Apache web server will be used: index.htm, index.html, or index.php. • If you omit the filename and there is no default file, Apache will display an index of the files and directories in the path.Requesting pages from an Internet web server A request for a specific page http://www.murach.com/shop-books/all/index.php A request for the default (home) page of a website http://www.murach.com/ Requesting applications from a local web server A request for the default page in an application directory http://localhost/book_apps/ch01_product_discount/ A request for a directory with no default page http://localhost/book_apps/An index of the apps in the book_apps directoryThe Product Discount application in ChromeAn error displayed in ChromeHow to test a PHP page for the first time 1. Make sure the Apache and MySQL servers are running. 2. Start a web browser and enter the URL for the application as shown in the last figure. 3. Test the page by entering both valid and invalid data, clicking on all links, and so on. How to retest a PHP page after changes • Click the Reload or Refresh button in the browser.The source code for a PHP page Figure 1-15 How to view the source code for a web pageHow to view the source code for a page in Chrome and Firefox • Right-click the page, then select the ViewPage Source command. How to view the source code for a page in IE and Edge • Right-click on the page, then select the View Source command. Note about Microsoft Edge • The View Source command isn’t available by default for this browser. To enable it, you can press F12 to display the Developer Tools. Then, when you select the View Source command, the source code will be displayed in the Debugger tab within the Developer Tools window. Figure 1-15 How to view the source code for a web page (cont…)NetBeans with three files in a project open Figure 1-16 How to use NetBeans to work with projects and filesHow to work with NetBeans projects • To open a project, use the Open Project button in the toolbar. • To start a new project, use the New Project button in the toolbar. • To close a project, right-click on the project in the Projects tab and select the Close command from the resulting menu. How to work with files • To open a file, use the Projects tab to navigate to the file and double-click the file. • To start a new file, select the project and click the New File button in the toolbar. Figure 1-16 How to use NetBeans to work with projects and files (cont…)About NetBeans • NetBeans is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for developing PHP applications. • NetBeans can make it easier to create, edit, and test the HTML, CSS, and PHP files that you need for a web application. About NetBeans projects • A NetBeans project consists of a top-level directory that contains the subdirectories and files for an application. • Netbeans adds an nbproject subdirectory that contains the extra files that NetBeans needs for managing the project. Mac OS X note • To enable right-clicking with Mac OS X, you can edit the system preferences for the mouse. Figure 1-16 How to use NetBeans to work with projects and files (cont…)Auto-completion and error marking in NetBeans Figure 1-17 How to use NetBeans to edit and test a PHP applicationHow to edit a PHP file with NetBeans • Use normal editing techniques as you enter PHP code. • When you see an auto-completion list, you can highlight an entry and press the Enter key to enter it into your code or you can double-click on it. • If you see a red error icon at the start of a line that you have entered, you should fix whatever errors the line contains before you test the application. How to test a PHP application with NetBeans • To run the current project, click on the Run Project button in the toolbar or press F6. • To run other projects, right-click on the project and select the Run command. • To run a file, right-click on the file and select the Run command. Figure 1-17 How to use NetBeans to edit and test a PHP application (cont…)The dialog box for starting a new project Figure 1-18 How to use NetBeans to import and configure a PHP projectThe dialog box for configuring a project Figure 1-18 How to use NetBeans to import and configure a PHP project (cont…)How to check the run configuration for a project • Right-click on a project in the Projects tab and select the Properties command. • Then, click on Run Configuration in the Categories list and check the Project URL. How to import a project • Use the New Project command, but select PHP Application with Existing Sources in the Projects list. • This will step you through the import procedure. • In the third step, you are asked to check the run configuration. Here, you need to make sure the URL for running the project is correct. Figure 1-18 How to use NetBeans to import and configure a PHP project (cont…)References • Chapter 1 of Murach, J. and Harris, R. (2017). Murach’s PHP and MySQL. 3rd ed. USA: Mike Murach & Associati