For the following research scenarios, indicate the research, alternative and null hypotheses, test the null with the appropriate test (CI with z or t distribution, z- or t-test), and state conclusions.
1. A nurse researcher is interested in whether Black Americans who have a social support system of four or more people differ in blood pressure compared to the average systolic blood pressure of 120, sd = 10. Her group of 100 Black Americans averaged 119 on systolic blood pressure.
2. An exercise physiologist is interested in whether the average number of minutes of vigorous exercise per week for people in the deep south is lower or higher than the minimum exercise requirement for health benefits (150 minutes, sd = 10) per week. She asked 16 deep south participants about their exercise amounts and found that they exercised 60 minutes per week on average. She wants to whether that is a significant difference and the range of means that likely fall about her missing population mean (mu for the people of the deep south).
3. A dietician is interested in whether American Indians consume more red meat than White Americans? She knows that White Americans consume 4 servings of red meat each week on average. Her group of 25 Natives consumed 5 servings of red meat (sd = 2 servings).
4. A health disparities psychologist is interested in whether people with or without Diabetes have higher levels of fatalism. She knows that fatalism averages 50 for folks without diabetes. Her group of 45 people with diabetes averaged 55 on fatalism (sd = 10).
5. An exercise physiologist is interested in physical activity differences between men who eat the recommended 2 cups of fruit and 3 cups of vegetables each day versus those who eat less than the recommended amount. She knows that men who do not eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables engage in 1 hour per week of physical activity on average (sd = .5). Her group of 9 men who ate the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables engaged in 3 hours of physical activity. She wants to know the range of means that, likely, surrounds her population mean for the men who ate the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables.
6. A social psychologist is interested in whether Native Americans who have a social support system of four or more people eat less processed meat than Natives who have a social support system of fewer than four people. She knows that Natives who have a social support system of fewer than four people eat 6 servings of processed meat each week. Her group of 25 Natives with a social support of four or more people ate 3 servings of red meat each week with a standard deviation of 1 serving.