hello and 300 words reply 150 for each i will provide you the both dissectionsthis is the first one :
The Change Process
Based on an extensive interdisciplinary review of literature, van de Ven and Poole found different theories for the change process. Overall the 04 more important theories are Teleological, Dialectical, Life Cycle, and Evolutionary theories. ( Hayes, 2022).
- In teleology, it is believed that humans and other organisms have purposes and objectives that guide their behavior. Teleological theories are the ones that first identify what is good in the state of things, then characterize the right acts only in terms of that good. Teleological theories: assume that organizations are purposeful and adaptive, and present change as an unfolding cycle of goal formulation, implementation, evaluation, and learning.
- Dialectical theories focus on conflicting goals between different interest groups and explain stability and change in terms of confrontation and the balance of power between the opposing entities.
- Organizations, regardless of their size, go through stages of development, which are called Life Cycles. At each stage of the life cycle, the organization goes through new and different situations.
- Evolutionary change proposes actions developed from a special purpose, being gradually implemented and allowing the choice of new paths towards the future. This transformation takes place for a specific and well-defined objective.
Self-Reinforcing Sequence
Self-reinforcing sequences happen when a decision or action generates positive feedback that emphasizes earlier events and encourages the way of change. This reinforcement stimulates further movement in the same direction. As self- reinforcing sequences can deliver advantages over the short term, change ways need to be alert to the possibility that they may draw them into a path that will deliver sub-optimal outcomes over the longer term. This will be explained concerning three drivers of self-reinforcing sequences: increasing returns, psychological, commitment to past decisions, and cognitive biases. ( Hayes, 2022).
Reinforcements are divided into two types: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement increases the probability of behavior by the presence (positivity) of a reward for (psychological and/or physiological stimulus).
Positive reinforcement is a resource widely used in behavioral therapy and education. This type of reinforcement includes all those elements that increase the probability of the appearance of some response. That is, it is based on rewards. In the work environment, the positive reinforcement serves for the manager to conduct his team in a subtle but effective way, up to the desired result. You can also solve problems quickly and get more assertive feedback.
Microsoft’s becoming popular is associated with the self-reinforcing character of its first-mover advantage. As a major mover, Microsoft simply captures large market shares and stays ahead of rivals. By 1975, Gates had been programming for seven years, which gave him remarkable experience and knowledge. This made set-up costs for competitors entering the market exceptionally high, as opponents could not easily catch up with Gates’ amount of learning hours. After the establishment of Microsoft other self-reinforcing processes, such as the learning effect and coordination effect, encouraged the enduring superiority of Microsoft. (Weerd, 2016).
this is the second one :
In its broadest sense, change management is the concept that businesses are attempting to figure out how to manage the many goals they have for adjusting their operations.
A corporation sets its eyes on a new approach and devises a plan to convince its employees, teams, and organizations to fall in line.
According to Smith (2017), there are five steps for a successful change:
1/ Acknowledge and understand the need for change:
Take the time to comprehend the circumstance and the change.
Develop a shared knowledge of the problem by including a diverse group of individuals.
You can be confident that your solution solves the problem's complexity.
2/ Communicate the need and involve people in developing the change:
Beneficiary involvement has unique issues, necessitating a significant amount of time and money to guarantee that it is carried out correctly.
3/ Develop change plans:
The change plans must be detailed. The first step in creating a transformation strategy is to figure out where you want to go. Try to be precise. What will be different this time?
4/ Implement change plans:
Ascertain that everyone understands what needs to happen and what their role is. Aid while keeping an eye out for signs of stress. Maintain as much of a routine as possible.
5/ Evaluate progress and celebrate success.
self-reinforcing sequence:
Positive feedback reinforces prior events and promotes direction in self-reinforcing cycles.
The three drivers of self-reinforcing sequences are increasing rewards, a psychological attachment to prior decisions, and cognitive bias.