How long would it take for the sprue in Problem 10.49 to feed a casting with a square cross section of 50 mm per side and a height of 100 mm? Assume that the sprue is frictionless. Pure aluminum is...

How long would it take for the sprue in Problem 10.49 to feed a casting with a square cross section of 50 mm per side and a height of 100 mm? Assume that the sprue is frictionless.

Pure aluminum is poured into a sand mold. The metal level in the pouring basin is 250 mm above the metal level in the mold, and the runner is circular with a 10-mm diameter. What are the velocity and rate of the flow of the metal into the mold? Is the flow turbulent or laminar?