I am doing a research report and Exploratory Factor Analysis on SPSS Data. This assignment is in two parts. 1. create the hypotheses from the introduction I have written.2. Run the Exploratory Factor...

I am doing a research report and Exploratory Factor Analysis on SPSS Data.
This assignment is in two parts.
1. create the hypotheses from the introduction I have written.2. Run the Exploratory Factor Analysis, analyse the SPSS data,
I attach three documents 1 - the introduction and ideas for the hypotheses you need to create. Document 2 - example assignment paper, so you can see what this should be like
The first page ( hypotheses) is Due November 10th. I will provide feedback a day later, and you then have until November 18th to complete the entire Factor Analysis.After the hypotheses are been created, you need to run the Factor Analysis, analyse the data, and write the research report according to the instructions ( document 3 )
All data tables are to be presented in the report, and must also be in APA format.


Scale Development – Equanimity2 Scale Development – Equanimity 2 Scale Development and Measuring Equanimity. INTRODUCTION: Mindfulness entails paying a non-responsive and non-judgmental focus to the present moments. Mindfulness-linked meditation produces several cognitive outcomes, including changes in health, attention, relationships, and emotionality. Gu et al. (2015) identified many neurological and psychological mechanisms underlying such outcomes. In Buddhism, meditation is essential in achieving cognitive, emotional, and attentional mind balance; that produces equanimity (Juneau et al., 2020). Several studies suggest equanimity is a typical finding in a contemplative study (Hadash et al. 2016, Desbordes et al. 2015), however, present equanimity scales do not consider this primordial quality (Weber, 2017). In various Buddhist traditions, equanimity exists in different forms, such as mental attitude, immeasurable equanimity, and feelings. As a feeling equanimity refers to gaining a neutral experience, that is, neither non-pleasant nor pleasant feelings (Juneau et al., 2020). Immeasurable equanimity entails meditation practice on joy, kindness, love, and compassion, aimed at developing a sense of care and affection towards all living organisms. That involves comprehending these states. Other understandings of equanimity exist depending on cultural practices and present needs. For instance, equanimity refers to a balanced mental state or attitude without biased responses to people and things (Juneau et al., 2020). In essence, all emotions, situations, objects, and thoughts are processed and considered evenly, as manifested by a neutral attitude towards all stimulants. That is the definition made by Desbordes et al. (2015) and is widely used in psychology. It is also the subject matter of this study. Indeed, Juneau, Shankland, and Dambrun (2020) imply that one can develop equanimity as a mental state through mindfulness-oriented meditation. This concept has been introduced theoretically in western psychology as a useful impact of this mindfulness practice inspired by the Buddhist conceptualization (Pagis, 2015). Several Buddhists have studied and defined equanimity because they believe that advancing this quality towards living beings, feelings, thoughts, and objects reduce suffering and increase happiness. In equanimity's context, suffering refers to an all-encompassing sense of continuous dissatisfaction resulting from self-centered perspectives in addition to physical sadness and pain. Under such a state, thoughts and feelings automatically and repeatedly arise, and one perceives and interprets them as real and part of stable self-conception (Juneau et al., 2020). However, equanimity allows meditation practitioners to focus on each sensation constituting this stream: rumination and mental proliferation. That enables them to perceive problems as they are in their present state and not a permanent reality. With practice, self-conception changes while the flow of such cognitive events becomes less habitual, and automatic and reactions appear fewer times (Juneau et al., 2020). Thus, the Buddhist understanding of happiness involving mental insight and balance towards reality's nature arise when a person gets free from life's frustrations (Juneau et al., 2020). For instance, in Buddhism, craving is one of the primary causes of frustration and is understood based on similar principles found in its western description. As such, the Buddhist comprehension of craving entails every afflictive attachment like a desire for promotion. However, western psychology provides a specific understanding of craving as an intense longing for situations or objects, creating addictive tendencies (Juneau et al., 2020). Indeed, different researches have frequently illustrated a reduction in addictive cravings following mindfulness meditation (Juneau et al. 2020). Thus, equanimity development could elaborate positive impacts on addictive tendencies after practice and several positive outcomes like pro-social mentality and attitude (Weber, 2017, Hadash et al. 2016). In essence, one can term equanimity as a stable and calm attitude without tortuous emotional responses. That echoes the strategy presented by Desbordes et al. (2015), who described it as an even-minded psychological dispositional tendency or state towards every experience or object regardless of whether they are neutral, unpleasant, or pleasant. Other authors provide a different understanding of equanimity. For instance Vago and Silbersweig (2012) described equanimity as balanced arousal without fatigue or hyperexcitability. This definition implies that equanimity involves decreased general stress, enhanced emotional stability, increased inner peace, and lower emotional interference. When applied in stressful events, equanimity enables one to stay calm and follow behaviors and make decisions uncontaminated by arousals and stress. According to Hadash et al. (2016), one can consider equanimity through a motivational approach, that is, a deliberate decision to neither resist unpleasant experiences nor embrace pleasant experiences. These authors developed the Decoupling Model of Equanimity, which describes equanimity as separating desire from a hedonic experience tone. In this case, a hedonic tone describes the analysis of a situation or object's pleasantness, and one can understand it as stimuli' valence. Likewise, equanimity can mean impartiality without discrimination or bias emanating from a feeling of detachment from the aversion or attraction to the present experience. Mindfulness decouples initial automatic avoidance of cravings from their hedonic tones. That is because this understanding of equanimity the avoidance/approach reaction reduces (Juneau et al., 2020). Since the initial understanding of equanimity is a balance mental state, its definition as the separation of desire from the hedonic tone and an even-minded status also encompass other comprehensions of equanimity. As aforementioned, mindfulness and equanimity significantly correlate without showing synonymity (Desbordes et al. 2015). Different authors have described mindfulness as the capability or process of focusing on a bit-by-bit experience. However, its description, components, and mechanisms comprehensively create several operationalization approaches (Juneau et al., 2020). In essence equanimity refers to a quality one can develop through mindful meditation and focus. Still, up to date, researches have focused on illustrating several consequences related to mindfulness on regulating emotions in general (Juneau et al., 2020). Based on the several processes and outcomes evaluated so far, this study specifically identifies equanimity as a unique emotional regulation trend. This study’s scale aims to evaluate equanimity using current models and descriptions based on the pre-existing works on equanimity. The main focus is equanimity as a feature of response towards emotional stimulants with practitioners without meditating. The study below provides two aspects of equanimity. The first one identifies equanimity as a state of being emotionally and mentally balanced or stable regardless of unpleasant and pleasant emotions (Desbordes et al. 2015). Secondly, the study focuses on equanimity as a reduction in motivational and emotional responses towards pleasant stimulants because it decouples desires from their hedonic tones (Hadash et al. 2016). Another hypothesis is that equanimity produces few difficulties in regulating emotions. It also explains the positive effects of mindfulness-oriented meditation on emotional regulation and alexithymia and neuroticism (Juneau et al., 2020). Therefore, equanimity has a negative correlation with emotional negativity. Moreover, a high fusion level with a person’s emotional state hinders detachment and flexibility regarding stimuli; both are equanimity prerequisites. Detaching from emotional and mental state reduces the rate of impulse reactions, which corresponds to equanimity’s hedonic independent component (Juneau et al., 2020). The present study’s primary aim is developing and validating a self-reported equanimity scale. Hence, the hypothesis of the existence of equanimity’s two factors associated with unique mental constructs. The study investigates the potential correlation between mental wellbeing and equanimity, and will use the the Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) to assess the impact of Mindfulness and the validity of the new measurement scale. By enhancing emotional regulation and decreasing craving, equanimity is useful in addressing addictive tendencies (Juneau et al., 2020). The study predicts a negative and significant relationship between addictive behaviors and hedonic independence. Lastly, as postulated by Desbordes et al. (2015), equanimity entails less automatic, non-reactive, and non-judgmental behaviors in general. Thus, this research predicts a positive relationship between the non-judging and non-reactive mindfulness components and equanimity as well as coping mechanisms. References Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822- 848. Desbordes, G., Gard, T., Hoge, E. A., Hölzel, B. K., Kerr, C., Lazar, S. W., ... & Vago, D. R. (2015). Moving beyond mindfulness: defining equanimity as an outcome measure in meditation and contemplative research. Mindfulness, 6(2), 356-372. Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical psychology review, 37, 1-12. Hadash, Y., Segev, N., Tanay, G., Goldstein, P., & Bernstein, A. (2016). The decoupling model of equanimity: theory, measurement, and test in a mindfulness intervention. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1214-1226. Juneau, C., Pellerin, N., Trives, E., Ricard, M., Shankland, R., & Dambrun, M. (2020). Reliability and validity of an equanimity questionnaire: the two-factor equanimity scale (EQUA-S). PeerJ, 8, e9405. Juneau, C., Shankland, R., & Dambrun, M. (2020). Trait and State Equanimity: The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Meditation Practice. MINDFULNESS. Pagis, M. (2015). Evoking equanimity: Silent interaction rituals in Vipassana meditation retreats. Qualitative Sociology, 38(1), 39-56. Vago, D. R., & David, S. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6, 296. Weber, J. (2017). Mindfulness is not enough: Why equanimity holds the key to compassion. Mindfulness & Compassion, 2(2), 149-158. You are expected to perform an exploratory factor analysis on the items comprising the new measure of equanimity, describe the steps taken to select the final items, and evaluate the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, validity) of your final scale. The following sections should be included in the report: 1) Title Page (in APA style) 2) HYPOTHESES 3) Method · Describe the sample and measures used to provide evidence of validity for the new scale. Do not include measures that are not relevant to your hypotheses and analyses. · NOTE: A separate document will be made available when the data for the assignment is released. This will include basic demographic information for the Participants section. · You can include the following statement under the Procedure sub-section of the Method: “An online survey was completed
Nov 07, 2021
SOLUTION.PDF

Get Answer To This Question

Related Questions & Answers

More Questions »

Submit New Assignment

Copy and Paste Your Assignment Here