For the Results section, you will provide descriptive statistics and run hypothesis tests, correlation strength tests, and effect size tests at a minimum including each variable for which data has...

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I have attached the requirements and an example and I have also attached another file with the data called socioeconomic status and education.


For the Results section, you will provide descriptive statistics and run hypothesis tests, correlation strength tests, and effect size tests at a minimum including each variable for which data has been collected. The results will be analyzed and explained according to the formatting instructions. For the Discussion, you will summarize the findings, discuss the practical implications of the findings, examine the limitations of the research, and propose directions for future research. The below is an example of how it should be. My data is about socioeconomic status and how it affects education. The professor suggested Chi-square for hypothesis test, Cramers v for correlation, and Lambda for effects size. RESULTS General Formatting of the Results Section EXAMPLE 1: Interval/Ratio data – Descriptives, Pearson’s r, Coefficient of Determination, Regression Data was collected to determine the relationship between sleep and a student’s grade point average. The main independent variable was the number of hours of sleep a student gets and the main dependent variable was the student’s overall grade point average. Other variables were also factored in with the exploration of this data. Hours of Sleep * GPA Statistics R's hours of sleep R's GPA N Valid 20 20 Missing 0 0 Mean 6.95 3.32 Median 7.00 3.30 Mode 6 3 Std. Deviation 1.538 .384 Range 6 1 R's hours of sleep Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 4 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 2 10.0 10.0 15.0 6 6 30.0 30.0 45.0 7 3 15.0 15.0 60.0 8 5 25.0 25.0 85.0 9 2 10.0 10.0 95.0 10 1 5.0 5.0 100.0 Total 20 100.0 100.0 The average number of hours of sleep for the class was 6.95 hours with a standard deviation of 1.54. The median hours of sleep was 7 hours of sleep and the mode was 6 hours of sleep. The range of the responses was a total of 6 hours, from 4 to 10 hours. R's GPA Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 2.7 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 1 5.0 5.0 10.0 2.9 2 10.0 10.0 20.0 3.0 2 10.0 10.0 30.0 3.1 1 5.0 5.0 35.0 3.2 2 10.0 10.0 45.0 3.3 3 15.0 15.0 60.0 3.4 1 5.0 5.0 65.0 3.5 2 10.0 10.0 75.0 3.7 2 10.0 10.0 85.0 3.8 1 5.0 5.0 90.0 4.0 2 10.0 10.0 100.0 Total 20 100.0 100.0 The mean or average GPA was 3.31 with a standard deviation of 0.38 grade points. The median and modal GPA was also 3.3. The range of the GPA responses comprised 1.3 grade points from 2.7 to 4.0 grade points. EXAMPLE 2: Pearsons’ r, Coefficient of Determination, and Regression Symmetric Measures Value Asymptotic Standard Errora Approximate Tb Approximate Significance Interval by Interval Pearson's R .714 .083 4.323 .000c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .717 .104 4.364 .000c N of Valid Cases 20 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. For the relationship between hours of sleep and grade point average, the result produces the following data: r = 0.714; df = 19; p < 0.05="" here,="" the="" p-value="" for="" the="" association="" is="" 0.000="" (0.00045),="" meaning="" there="" is="" less="" than="" a="" 1="" in="" 1,000="" chance="" that="" the="" distribution="" could="" have="" been="" the="" result="" of="" random="" forces.="" as="" such,="" we="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" that="" there="" is="" no="" relationship="" between="" hours="" of="" sleep="" and="" gpa.="" there="" is="" a="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variable.="" the="" r-value="" of="" 0.714="" indicates="" a="" strong="" relationship="" between="" hours="" of="" sleep="" and="" gpa.="" the="" coefficient="" of="" determination="" (r2)="" is="" 0.51.="" this="" means="" that="" 51%="" of="" the="" variation="" in="" the="" dependent="" variable="" is="" due="" to="" variation="" in="" the="" independent="" variable.="" about="" 49%="" of="" the="" variation="" in="" the="" dependent="" variable="" is="" due="" to="" other="" variables="" than="" the="" independent="" variable,="" per="" the="" coefficient="" of="" non-determination.="" the="" relationship="" between="" sleep="" and="" gpa="" yields="" the="" above="" scatterplot="" graph="" along="" with="" a="" line="" of="" best="" fit="" that="" produces="" a="" regression="" equation="" of="" ŷ="2.08" +="" 0.18x.="" coefficientsa="" model="" unstandardized="" coefficients="" standardized="" coefficients="" t="" sig.="" b="" std.="" error="" beta="" 1="" (constant)="" 2.076="" .293="" 7.079="" .000="" r's="" hours="" of="" sleep="" .178="" .041="" .714="" 4.323="" .000="" a.="" dependent="" variable:="" r's="" gpa="" the="" standard="" error="" for="" the="" regression="" equation="" is="" 0.293.="" in="" predicting="" the="" dependent="" variable="" based="" on="" the="" independent="" variable,="" the="" approximate="" range="" of="" values="" for="" the="" resulting="" ŷ="" value="" will="" be="" ŷ="" +/-="" 0.293.="" so,="" if="" the="" student="" reported="" getting="" 12="" hours="" of="" a="" sleep="" a="" night,="" the="" predicted="" gpa="" for="" that="" student="" would="" be="" 2.08="" +="" 0.18(12)="Ŷ" +/-="" 0.293="3.947" to="" 4.533.="" example="" 2:="" ordinal="" data="" –="" descriptives,="" spearman’s,="" kendall’s="" tau="" sleep="" satisfaction="" *="" class="" rank="" statistics="" r's="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" r's="" class="" rank="" n="" valid="" 20="" 20="" missing="" 0="" 0="" median="" 2.00="" 2.50="" mode="" 2="" 1a="" range="" 3="" 3="" a.="" multiple="" modes="" exist.="" the="" smallest="" value="" is="" shown="" r's="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" frequency="" percent="" valid="" percent="" cumulative="" percent="" valid="" very="" satisfied="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 25.0="" satisfied="" 6="" 30.0="" 30.0="" 55.0="" dissatisfied="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 80.0="" very="" dissatisfied="" 4="" 20.0="" 20.0="" 100.0="" total="" 20="" 100.0="" 100.0="" with="" regard="" to="" the="" variable="" sleep="" satisfaction,="" the="" median="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" was="" 2,="" indicating="" that="" most="" students="" were="" “satisfied”="" with="" the="" amount="" of="" sleep="" they="" were="" getting.="" the="" modal="" value="" was="" also="" that="" the="" students="" were="" “satisfied”="" with="" their="" sleep.="" however,="" the="" responses="" ranged="" from="" “very="" dissatisfied”="" to="" “very="" satisfied”="" with="" 25%="" of="" respondents="" each="" indicating="" they="" were="" “very="" satisfied”="" and="" “dissatisfied”="" along="" with="" 20%="" of="" respondents="" indicating="" they="" were="" “very="" dissatisfied.”="" r's="" class="" rank="" frequency="" percent="" valid="" percent="" cumulative="" percent="" valid="" freshman="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 25.0="" sophomore="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 50.0="" junior="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 75.0="" senior="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 100.0="" total="" 20="" 100.0="" 100.0="" there="" was="" an="" even="" distribution="" of="" class="" rank,="" with="" 25%="" of="" the="" students="" being="" in="" each="" of="" the="" categories="" from="" freshman,="" to="" sophomore,="" to="" junior,="" to="" senior.="" as="" such,="" the="" median="" class="" rank="" was="" sophomore="" to="" junior.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" asymptotic="" standard="" errora="" approximate="" tb="" approximate="" significance="" ordinal="" by="" ordinal="" kendall's="" tau-b="" .201="" .154="" 1.303="" .193="" kendall's="" tau-c="" .200="" .153="" 1.303="" .193="" spearman="" correlation="" .257="" .195="" 1.126="" .275c="" interval="" by="" interval="" pearson's="" r="" .251="" .191="" 1.102="" .285c="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" not="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" b.="" using="" the="" asymptotic="" standard="" error="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" c.="" based="" on="" normal="" approximation.="" in="" examining="" the="" relationship="" between="" class="" rank="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction="" ratings,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistics="" values:="" ρ="0.257;" p="">< 0.05="" here,="" the="" p-value="" is="" reported="" at="" 0.275,="" meaning="" that="" there="" is="" a="" 27.5%="" chance="" that="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" is="" true="" and="" random="" forces="" could="" have="" led="" to="" the="" distribution="" seen.="" as="" such,="" one="" would="" fail="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" one’s="" class="" rank="" and="" their="" sleep="" satisfaction.="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" is="" in="" accordance="" kendall’s="" tau-b="" because="" the="" categories="" make="" a="" 4x4="" square.="" the="" τb="0.201," meaning="" that="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variables="" is="" negligible.="" example="" 3:="" t-test="" with="" kendall’s="" tau="" class="" rank="" *="" gpa="" in="" examining="" the="" differences="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistic="" data:="" t="-0.544;" df="8;" p="">< 0.05="" the="" p-value="" for="" the="" difference="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa="" is="" p="0.601." this="" means="" that="" there="" is="" a="" 60.1%="" chance="" that="" the="" differences="" are="" due="" to="" random="" forces.="" this="" means="" one="" must="" fail="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" asymptotic="" standard="" errora="" approximate="" tb="" approximate="" significance="" ordinal="" by="" ordinal="" kendall's="" tau-c="" .007="" .221="" .030="" .976="" spearman="" correlation="" .012="" .250="" .050="" .961c="" interval="" by="" interval="" pearson's="" r="" -.042="" .240="" -.177="" .861c="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" not="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" b.="" using="" the="" asymptotic="" standard="" error="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" c.="" based="" on="" normal="" approximation.="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" class="" rank="" and="" gpa="" is="" in="" accordance="" kendall’s="" tau-c="" because="" the="" categories="" make="" a="" 4x12="" rectangle.="" the="" τc="0.007," meaning="" that="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variables="" is="" negligible.="" example="" 4:="" nominal="" data="" –="" chi-squared="" test,="" cramer’s="" v="" ethnicity="" *="" sleep="" satisfaction="" chi-square="" tests="" value="" df="" asymptotic="" significance="" (2-sided)="" pearson="" chi-square="" 11.810a="" 9="" .224="" likelihood="" ratio="" 12.253="" 9="" .199="" linear-by-linear="" association="" 6.550="" 1="" .010="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" 16="" cells="" (100.0%)="" have="" expected="" count="" less="" than="" 5.="" the="" minimum="" expected="" count="" is="" .60.="" in="" examining="" the="" relationship="" between="" ethnicity="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistic="" data:="" χ2="11.810;" df="9;" p="">< 0.05 this results in a p-value where p = 0.224, meaning there is a 22.4% chance that the null hypothesis is a likely explanation for the relationship between the variables. as such, one fails to reject the null hypothesis and assert that there is no statistically significant relationship between ethnicity and sleep satisfaction. symmetric measures value approximate significance nominal by nominal phi .768 .224 cramer's v .444 .224 n of valid cases 20 despite the lack of association, the cramer’s v test for correlation strength indicates a weak relationship between the variables with v = 0.444. however, the cramer’s v test also indicates a lack of a statistically significant relationship with a p-value of 0.05="" this="" results="" in="" a="" p-value="" where="" p="0.224," meaning="" there="" is="" a="" 22.4%="" chance="" that="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" is="" a="" likely="" explanation="" for="" the="" relationship="" between="" the="" variables.="" as="" such,="" one="" fails="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" ethnicity="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" approximate="" significance="" nominal="" by="" nominal="" phi="" .768="" .224="" cramer's="" v="" .444="" .224="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" despite="" the="" lack="" of="" association,="" the="" cramer’s="" v="" test="" for="" correlation="" strength="" indicates="" a="" weak="" relationship="" between="" the="" variables="" with="" v="0.444." however,="" the="" cramer’s="" v="" test="" also="" indicates="" a="" lack="" of="" a="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" with="" a="" p-value="">
Answered 3 days AfterApr 24, 2021

Answer To: For the Results section, you will provide descriptive statistics and run hypothesis tests,...

Sudharsan.J answered on Apr 27 2021
140 Votes
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    Row Labels    Count of What is your primary motivation for attending college?
    Career    51
    Family expectations    28
    Job security    35
    Self-improvement    11
    Grand Total    125
The relationship between socioe
    Timestamp    INFORMED CONSENT- The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and education. This survey questionnaire will be directed toward college students and will consist of 10 questions relating to socioeconomic status and education. This study is being conducted for California State University Long Beach SOC 355 Quantive Methods Social Research and all responses will be kept confidential. Participants may withdraw at any time and for any reason from the study. If you have any questions or concerns you may contact me by email at [email protected]. If you wish to participate i
n the study click "Yes, I wish to continue" below. If you do not click "No, I do not wish to continue."    What is the highest level of education you have achieved?    What is your total household income?    What gender do you identify with?    What is the highest education your father achieved?    What is the highest education your mother achieved?    What is your father currently doing?    What is your mother currently doing?    What is your age?    What ethnicity do you identify with?    What is your primary motivation for attending college?
    2021/03/25 3:38:44 PM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Trade School    $100,000 or more    Male    High School    Some High School    Not working, but looking for a job    Working full-time for pay    27 or above    Other    Self-improvement
    2021/04/09 9:39:20 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Career
    2021/04/09 9:40:01 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:40:41 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    21-23    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:41:17 AM EST        Bachelor's Degree    $35,000 to $49,999    Male    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    21-23    Hispanic    Career
    2021/04/09 9:42:06 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999        High School    Some High School    Not working, but looking for a job    Working part-time for pay    21-23    Other    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:42:44 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    24-26    Hispanic    Career
    2021/04/09 9:43:30 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Master's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Male    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    27 or above    White    Career
    2021/04/09 9:44:09 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $35,000 to $49,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Not working, but looking for a job    Not working, but looking for a job    24-26    African American    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:44:47 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $35,000 to $49,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    21-23    African American    Career
    2021/04/09 9:45:14 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    24-26    African American    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:45:46 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $35,000 to $49,999    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working part-time for pay    21-23    Hispanic    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:46:28 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Master's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Male    Master's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    27 or above    Asian/Pacific Islander    Career
    2021/04/09 9:47:12 AM EST        Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Prefer not to answer    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    24-26    African American    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:47:46 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $35,000 to $49,999    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working part-time for pay    18-20    White    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:48:25 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $35,000 to $49,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working part-time for pay    18-20    White    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:48:55 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Male    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    24-26    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:49:44 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Prefer not to answer    Trade School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    21-23    Hispanic    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:50:18 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Master's Degree    $75,000 to $99,999    Prefer not to answer    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    27 or above    Asian/Pacific Islander    Career
    2021/04/09 9:50:51 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    18-20    White    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:51:29 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Working full-time for pay    Other    24-26    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:51:57 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:52:26 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $35,000 to $49,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    18-20    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:53:00 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Other    18-20    White    Career
    2021/04/09 9:53:29 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Female    Trade School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:53:55 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Male    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:54:29 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $35,000 to $49,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    Bachelor's Degree    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    24-26    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:55:01 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Prefer not to answer    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Other    18-20    Hispanic    Self-improvement
    2021/04/09 9:55:35 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Male    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    24-26    White    Job security
    2021/04/09 9:56:06 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Female    Trade School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Other    18-20    White    Self-improvement
    2021/04/09 9:56:34 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    Less than $25,000    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working part-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Family expectations
    2021/04/09 9:57:04 AM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Prefer not to answer    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    18-20    Hispanic    Job security
    2021/04/20 4:34:21 PM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    High School    $25,000 to $34,999    Female    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working full-time for pay    18-20    Hispanic    Job security
    2021/04/20 4:34:55 PM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $35,000 to $49,999    Female    Bachelor's Degree    High School    Working full-time for pay    Not working, but looking for a job    21-23    African American    Job security
    2021/04/20 5:54:59 PM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's Degree    $50,000 to $74,999    Male    High School    High School    Working full-time for pay    Working part-time for pay    21-23    Asian/Pacific Islander    Career
    2021/04/20 5:55:34 PM EST    Yes, I wish to continue    Bachelor's...
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