I need a PowerPoint presentation slide only done on "Chapter 15 ".
Please, let it be a detail of what the chapter is talking about, perhaps, the the first slide can take about what "differential Cost Analysis" is all about and so on.
Book: Lawrence Martin, Financial Management for Human Services Administrators. (Waveland Press, 2016)
I attached examples of what others did in chapters 12 and 14.
Thank you.
Sources of Information about Government Contracts, Grants and Cooperative Agreements Chapter 12 Sources of Information about Government Contracts, Grants and Cooperative Agreements Chapter 12 1 Topics: Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance The Commerce Business Daily Types of Procurement The Request for Proposal The Invitation for Bids Types of Contracts Chapter focuses on: Human Service Administrators need to be well-informed about the ins and outs of various types of government funding and how to identify government funding opportunities. Know the differences between procurement and assistance relationships. Learn about government contracts, grants and cooperative agreements. Know the two major procurement approaches used to select contractors The three major types of government human service contracts. 3 What is the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act? Originated in 1977… “it sets out to guide government agencies in their use of federal funds by distinguishing between contracts, cooperative agreements and grants.” Passed by Congress, the act identifies 2 types of financial relationships: Procurement and Assistance And 3 types of financial instruments: Contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements Differences In assistance relationships, service recipients are considered to be the clients of the human service agency receiving federal funding not the federal department or agency. In Procurement relationships, service recipients are considered to be the clients of the federal government, the human service agency is only a paid service provider. Procurement Relationship- exist when a federal department or agency expends funds to secure (purchase) goods or services for its own purposes. Assistance Relationship-exist when a federal department or agency provides funds to another agency to assist that agency in discharging its own responsibilities. The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act… Restricts the use of contracts to procurement relationships Those that are required to use grants Those that are required to use cooperative agreements It also requires that every federal program identify the nature of its financial relationship and the types of financial instruments it uses It applies only to federal departments and agencies. State and local governments have their own policies concerning when a contract or a grant is the more appropriate financial instrument State and local governments tend to favor procurement relationships over assistance relationships and favor contracts over grants. Cooperative agreements are unique to the federal government, state and local governments don’t use cooperative agreements. When they use a grant it becomes a cooperative agreement. The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act Federal Level: The Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance The Commerce Business Daily Sources of Information about Government Contracts, Grants and Cooperative Agreements The Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance Is an encyclopedic listing of all domestic human service and non human service federal programs in all federal departments and agencies that provide assistance type funding to state and local governments, Indian Tribal governments , and private non profit agencies. The Commerce Business Daily Iis a newspaper that is published every working day and lists announcements of human service and non human service contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, requests for proposals, and invitation for bids made by various federal departments and agencies. He The other method of learning about state and local government contracting opportunities is to frequently check the legal advertisements section of the major local newspaper. Types of Procurement Procurement is the generic term for the process used by governments (federal, state, local) to select contractors and award contracts, In selecting contractors and awarding contracts, state and local governments generally use of the two procurement approaches: The request for Proposals (RFP) or the invitation for bids (IFB) The Request for Proposal approach is also known as competitive negotiation. The Invitation for Bids approach is also called formal advertising, competitive bidding, and sealed competitive bidding. Both approaches are competitive in nature, they are designed to solicit more than one bid or proposal. The request for proposals is used more frequently for human service programs. The Request for Proposals Interested human service agencies (prospective contractors) prepare a proposal with an operating budget. A prospective contractor details how it intends to provide the service, identifies the education, qualifications, and experience of staff who will be involved in providing the service. In the budget section, a prospective contractor identifies all the items of cost it estimates will be incurred in providing the service. The request for proposal package gives the due date for submission of completed proposals, specifies the criteria by which proposals will be evaluated, and that late proposals will not be considered. The Invitation for Bids (IFB) The Invitation for bids approach is generally used only when a state or local government department knows exactly what it wants to purchase in terms of the type of service, staff qualifications, quality standards, client characteristics, and other factors. there is no negotiation- prospective contractors interested in providing the service simply fill in the sections that ask for the unit price or the total price they propose to charge. At the specified time for the opening of bids, the state or local government opens all bids submitted on time and records the bid prices. The contract is usually awarded to the responsible prospective contractors submitting the lowest responsive bid. The Request for Proposal approach is used more frequently with “soft services” or services directed at clients. example: counseling or therapies. The Invitation for Bids approach is used more frequently with “hard services” or services directed at things. Example: transportation or home delivered meals. Cost Reimbursement contract- a contractor is reimbursed for actual allowable expenses incurred in the provision of service. If an expense is not actually incurred, then it is not reimbursable. Performance contracts-it focuses on the outputs and outcomes of service provision and ties either contract payments, contract extensions, and renewals. Unlike Cost reimbursement contracts, the amount of compensation that a contractor receives is not determined by the amount of expense incurred but rather the amount of outputs, the number of outcomes or some combination. Capitated (Managed care) contracts-are designed to control the utilization of services and resources. A contractor usually receives a fixed payment to provide services to a client for a fixed period of time. Types of Contracts Internet Resource RISK MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT Chapter 14 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT for HUMAN SERVICE ADMINISTRATORS Risk management is still a relatively new concept to human services administration. The fact that many human service agencies do not practice risk management is a major concern. It could take years to build a reserve fund. It only takes once accident, one lawsuit, or one fire to wipe out that reserve fund and perhaps even threaten the financial viability of the agency itself. Risk management has several other advantages. Reducing insurance costs More efficient use of resources And, in general, lowering the overall cost of providing goods and services. Hyman (1994) notes that a formalized risk management program is one of the few ways a human service agency can reduce service delivery costs without cutting either staff positions or operating budgets. This Chapter looks at the concept of risk management and the major activities that comprise a risk management program. makes the case that risk management should be treated as a program within the program structure of a human service agency. discusses a wide variety of specific applications of risk management under the headings of insurance issues, governing board issues, human resource management issues, basic internal financial control issues, workplace hazard issues, volunteer liability issues, and records management issues. WHAT IS RISK MANAGEMENT???? Risk management can be defined as the identification, planned control, and reduction risks to a human service agency. Risk management is concerned with protecting the financial, human, and other resources of a human service agency and providing products and services in a responsible fashion. Risk management is comprised of five essential tasks: 1.Risk identification 2.Risk evaluation 3.Risk control 4.Risk funding 5.Administration Risk identification refers to the ongoing identification of activities and situations within a human service agency that have high potential for incurring legal liability; causing personal injury to clients, staff, or others; or creating disruptions in the operations of the agency. It involves identifying those accidents, problems, and issues that are just waiting to happen. Risk evaluation involves the prioritization of risk. The task of risk identification may lead to the discovery of potential risks that a human service agency is only partially aware of or perhaps is not aware of al all. Risk evaluation involves placing some sort of economic value on each of the identified risks with the idea that those risks with the greatest potential for economic impact will receive the greatest attention. Risk control is the process of deciding what to do about a particular risk once it is identified and is evaluated as having a major economic consequences. The essential idea is to do away with the potential risk or minimize it. A simplified example is identification and assessment that agency is seriously underinsured. Risk control would involve moving as quickly as possible to find an acceptable insurance carrier with the best policy that meets the needs of the agency at the best price. Risk funding is concerned with developing a financial plan to ensure that adequate funds are available to cover risk-related expenses. Identifying and evaluating risks is of little benefit to a human service agency without the resources to reduce or remove them. Risk funding involves setting aside funds each fiscal year during the budget process to ensure that the agency has the financial ability to deal with identified risks and also to build a “rainy day fund” to handle unforeseen contingencies. Administration is the actual conduct of a risk management program. The use of the term risk management program suggests that the function of risk management should be treated as a major activity (a program) within the program structure of a human service agency. A risk management program should be headed by a program manager. Large organizations may have risk managers. In smaller organizations the job of the risk manager may be assigned to a staff person or executive director as a collateral duty. Important point is that the risk management program needs a locus and a focus of responsibility. Someone need to be designated to “wear the hat of the risk manager”. Major Risk Management Issues Areas This section looks at some of the major issues where risk management problems are traditionally found in human service agencies. Insurance issues Governing board issues Human resource management issues Basic internal financial control issues Workplace hazard issues Volunteer liability issues, and Records management issues Insurance Issues First major issues area that most risk managers focus on is a human service agency’s insurance coverage. The risk manager should ensure that the human service agency is receiving the best rates for its various insurance coverages: fire, theft, liability (including errors and omissions and volunteers), automobile, employee health, and others. Ways of reducing insurance cost: Bundle various insurance coverages with one carrier Join a risk pool. Human service agencies in many communities form