I need to know how much it will cost to take this class for me. I will attend all the live meetings I want a price on each assignment and discussion boards.**Ignore the deadline date since each item has a different due date but I had to put something in the field
HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Theory, Research, and Practice 4TH EDITION KAREN GLANZ BARBARA K. RIMER K. VISWANATH Editors Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iii Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page i Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Theory, Research, and Practice 4TH EDITION KAREN GLANZ BARBARA K. RIMER K. VISWANATH Editors Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iii Copyright © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741—www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www. wiley.com/go/permissions. 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Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002. Jossey-Bass also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Health behavior and health education : theory, research, and practice / Karen Glanz, Barbara K. Rimer, and K. Viswanath, editors. — 4th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7879-9614-7 (cloth) 1. Health behavior. 2. Health education. 3. Health promotion. I. Glanz, Karen. II. Rimer, Barbara K. III. Viswanath, K. (Kasisomayajula) [DNLM: 1. Health Behavior. 2. Health Education. W 85 H43415 2008] RA776.9.H434 2008 613—dc22 2008021038 Printed in the United States of America FOURTH EDITION HB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iv www.josseybass.com CONTENTS Foreword xiii C. Tracy Orleans Tables and Figures xvii Preface xxi The Editors xxvii The Contributors xxxi PART ONE: HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR: THE FOUNDATIONS 1 ONE: THE SCOPE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 3 The Editors Key Points 3 The Changing Context of Health Behavior 6 Health Education and Health Behavior in Context 9 Settings and Audiences for Health Education 12 Progress in Health Promotion and Health Behavior Research 16 Summary 18 TWO: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE IN HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 23 The Editors Key Points 23 Theory, Research, and Practice: Interrelations 24 What Is Theory? 26 Paradigms for Theory and Research in Health Promotion and Education 29 Trends in Use of Health Behavior Theories and Models 31 Selection of Theories for This Book 33 Fitting a Theory or Theories to Research and Practice 35 Limitations of This Book 37 Summary 38 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page v vi Contents PART TWO: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 41 Barbara K. Rimer THREE: THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL 45 Victoria L. Champion and Celette Sugg Skinner Key Points 45 Origins of the Model 46 Description of HBM and Key Constructs 46 Evidence for the Model’s Performance 50 Measurement of HBM Constructs 51 Applications of the HBM to Mammography and AIDS-Related Behaviors 53 Comparison of HBM to Other Theories 60 Challenges in Future HBM Research 61 Summary 62 FOUR: THEORY OF REASONED ACTION, THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR, AND THE INTEGRATED BEHAVIORAL MODEL 67 Daniel E. Montaño and Danuta Kasprzyk Key Points 67 Origins and Historical Development 68 Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior 70 An Integrated Behavioral Model 77 Elicitation 82 Application of IBM to HIV Prevention in Zimbabwe 82 Summary 92 FIVE: THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL AND STAGES OF CHANGE 97 James O. Prochaska, Colleen A. Redding, and Kerry E. Evers Key Points 97 Core Constructs 98 Applications of the Transtheoretical Model 108 Multiple-Behavior Change Programs 114 Limitations of the Model 116 Future Research 116 Summary 117 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page vi Contents vii SIX: THE PRECAUTION ADOPTION PROCESS MODEL 123 Neil D. Weinstein, Peter M. Sandman, and Susan J. Blalock Key Points 123 How Stage Theories Address Explaining and Changing Behavior 124 The Precaution Adoption Process Model 126 Using the PAPM to Develop and Evaluate Behavior Change Interventions 131 How Stage Theories Can Be Tested 134 An Example Using Matched and Mismatched Treatments 134 Review of Research Using the PAPM 140 Criteria for Applying Stage-Based Interventions 143 Future Directions 145 Summary 145 SEVEN: PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON INDIVIDUALS 149 Noel T. Brewer and Barbara K. Rimer Key Points 149 Why Theory Is Needed 150 How to Decide Which Theory to Use 151 A Closer Look at Individual-Level Theories 152 Commonalities and Differences Across the Theories 157 New Constructs and Theories 160 Summary 162 PART THREE: MODELS OF INTERPERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 167 EIGHT: HOW INDIVIDUALS, ENVIRONMENTS, AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS INTERACT: SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY 169 Alfred L. McAlister, Cheryl L. Perry, and Guy S. Parcel Key Points 169 Concepts of SCT 170 Applications to Health Promotion 175 Case Studies 178 New Applications 182 Limitations in Research on New SCT Applications 184 Summary 185 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page vii viii Contents NINE: SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 189 Catherine A. Heaney and Barbara A. Israel Key Points 189 Definitions and Terminology 189 Background of the Concepts 192 Relationship of Social Networks and Social Support to Health 193 Empirical Evidence on the Influence of Social Relationships 195 Translating Theory and Research into Practice 197 Social Network and Social Support Interventions 199 Health Education and Health Behavior Applications 203 Future Directions for Research and Practice 206 Summary 207 TEN: STRESS, COPING, AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR 211 Karen Glanz and Marc D. Schwartz Key Points 211 Historical Concepts of Health, Stress, and Coping 212 The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping: Overview, Key Constructs, and Empirical Support 213 Theoretical Extensions 220 Applications to Specific Health Behavior Research Areas 226 Research Gaps and Future Directions 229 Summary 230 ELEVEN: KEY INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONS AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: LESSONS FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH ON CLINICIAN-PATIENT COMMUNICATION 237 Richard L. Street Jr. and Ronald M. Epstein Key Points 237 Communication Between Health Care Providers and Patients: Historical Perspective 239 Pathways Between Clinician-Patient Communication and Health Outcomes 239 Key Functions of Clinician-Patient Communication 245 Moderators of Communication-Outcome Relationships 255 Clinician-Patient Communication: Application in Health Education and Health Behavior 261 Directions for Future Research Summary 263 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page viii Contents ix TWELVE: PERSPECTIVES ON MODELS OF INTERPERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 271 K. Viswanath Key Points 271 Some Defining Characteristics of Interpersonal Interaction 272 Theories and Models at the Interpersonal Level 273 Summary and Future Directions 279 PART FOUR: COMMUNITY AND GROUP MODELS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE 283 Karen Glanz THIRTEEN: IMPROVING HEALTH THROUGH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY BUILDING 287 Meredith Minkler, Nina Wallerstein, and Nance Wilson Key Points 287 Historical Perspective 288 The Concept of Community 290 Models of Community Organization 291 Concepts in Community Organization and Community-Building Practice 293 Community Capacity and Social Capital 295 Issue Selection, Participation, and Relevance 296 Measurement and Evaluation Issues 298 Application of Community Organization and Community Building 300 Community Organizing and Community Building with Youth: Challenges and Considerations 307 The Challenge of Community Organization Approaches 308 Summary 309 FOURTEEN: DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS 313 Brian Oldenburg and Karen Glanz Key Points 313 Development of the Field and Related Research Traditions 314 Key Concepts 317 Important Factors in the Diffusion Process 319 The Role of Settings and Organizations in Diffusion of Health Behavior Innovations 321 The Practice of Dissemination and Diffusion of Health Behavior Interventions 322 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page ix x Contents Applications 323 Limitations of the Model and Challenges for the Future 328 Summary 330 FIFTEEN: MOBILIZING ORGANIZATIONS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION: THEORIES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE 335 Frances Dunn Butterfoss, Michelle C. Kegler, and Vincent T. Francisco Key Points 335 Introduction to Theories of Organizational Change 336 Change Within Organizations 338 Organizational Development Theory 341 Change Across Organizations 345 Applications of Organizational Theory to Health Promotion 350 Future Research to Inform Organizational Change Theories 355 Summary 357 SIXTEEN: COMMUNICATION THEORY AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE: THE MEDIA STUDIES FRAMEWORK 363 John R. Finnegan Jr. and K. Viswanath Key Points 363 Organization of Communication Studies 364 Message Production and Media Effects 365 Major Models and Hypotheses at the Individual Level 367 Theories at the Macro Level 371 Planned Use of Media 379 Future Directions 382 Summary 384 SEVENTEEN: PERSPECTIVES ON GROUP, ORGANIZATION, AND COMMUNITY INTERVENTIONS 389 Michelle C. Kegler and Karen Glanz Key Points 389 New Concepts and Strategies for Macro-Level Change 390 Multiple Levels of Influence and Action 391 Models for Change 392 Approaches to Defining Needs, Problems, and Aims 395 The Influence of Technology on Macro-Level Theory and Practice 396 Similarities Between Models 397 Research Issues 399 Summary 400 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page x Contents xi PART FIVE: USING THEORY IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 405 EIGHTEEN: USING THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL TO APPLY HEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORIES 407 Andrea Carson Gielen, Eileen M. McDonald, Tiffany L. Gary, and Lee R. Bone Key Points 408 Overview of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 408 Issues to Consider in Using PRECEDE-PROCEED 417 Case Study: The SAFE Home Project 418 Case Study: Project Sugar 1 424 Summary 429 NINETEEN: SOCIAL MARKETING 435 J. Douglas Storey,