In an essay based on the paper guidelines listed in the introduction, answer any 2 of the questions listed below, with each answer being 2 pages in length at least, for a total of 4 pages at least,...

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In an essay based on the paper guidelines listed in the introduction, answer any 2 of the questions listed below, with each answer being 2 pages in length at least, for a total of 4 pages at least, using proper citations where appropriate.


Choose 2 from the following:


1). Describe the transition from the earliest hunter/gatherer societies to the first river based civilizations, including the important developments that made this transition possible.



2). Why was geography so important to the development of the first civilizations.



3). Choose 3 societies covered in the first half of this class, from 3 distinct geographical areas, and explain their similarities and differences.



4). Explain the role of trade and conquest in spreading the ideas of civilization and developing larger and more complex empires and states, use specific examples from the text to back up your assertions.

Answered Same DayJun 28, 2021

Answer To: In an essay based on the paper guidelines listed in the introduction, answer any 2 of the questions...

Tanaya answered on Jun 29 2021
136 Votes
Running Head: ESSAY BASED ON PAPER GUIDELINES
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ESSAY BASED ON PAPER GUIDELINES
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ESSAY BASED ON PAPER GUIDELINES
Table of Contents
Question 1    3
Question 2    5
References    7
Question 1
    The concept of hunting and gathering had been a
way of life for the humans 700,000 to 200,000 years ago so that they can adapt with the colder climates. The Neanderthal developed sophisticated tools and technology so that they can hunt larger animals. The Homo sapiens existed 200,000 years ago, and the transition from the hunger-gather way of living to agriculture communities was initiated around 10,000 BC. During this time the earliest farmers started settling down near the rivers so that they can have an ample supply of water. In addition, agriculture gave rise to the concept of a stable supply of food (Chronopoulos, Oto‐Peralías & Wilson, 2017).
This allowed the hunters and gatherers to build permanent dwellings so that they can slowly morph complex societies in different parts of the world. However, this transition from hunter-gather to agriculture mode has generated a debate among the researchers. Many of the researchers opined that the domesticity of life was chosen by mankind when a sedentary life set in after the period of the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. In order to explore the transition, Kidder, Henry and Arco (2018), studied Natufians, which was an ancient hunter-gatherer group flourished in between the period of 12,500 to 9500 B.C.E. This group flourished in the Middle East region called the Levant which today has developed into Syria, Israel, Palestine and Jordan. They are the group of community that initiated in the domestication of the animals.
These stages have been identified by the historians as the transition from the hunter-gatherer to farming. This community have been seasonally hunting gazelle and collecting acorns slowly started moving to the farming of wheat and barley. This, according to most of the researchers, was the intermediary phase. The community continued hunting for sustenance and changed their dwelling when the resources started becoming scared (Szécsényi-Nagy et al., 2017). Rivers were the attractive location for the first few civilizations to settle down so that there was a constant supply of water and also an adequate amount of water to grow their crops, making their land fertile. One of the most notable examples of the civilization that developed in the river valleys were the ancient Egyptians and...
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