Answer To: Kent Institute Australia Pty. Ltd. Assessment Brief XXXXXXXXXXABN XXXXXXXXXXCRICOS Code: 00161E RTO...
Rachna answered on Sep 29 2021
1. OSI Model
The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is a framework that describes the functioning of a networking system. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a set of rules and requirements to support interoperability between various products and software. In the OSI reference model, the communications in a computing system are split into 7 different layers: Physical layer, Data Link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Session layer, Presentation layer, and Application layer.
The Layers of the OSI Model
Physical Layer
This layer of the OSI Model is responsible for electrically or optically transmitting raw and unstructured data bits throughout the network from physical layer of sending device to physical layer of the receiving device. It includes specifications like voltages, cabling, pin layout, and radio frequencies. At physical layer, one usually finds “physical” resources such as cabling, network hubs, repeaters, modems or network adapters.
Data Link Layer
At this layer, nodes that are connected directly are used to perform node-to-node data transfer where data is packed into frames. This layer also corrects issues that may have occurred in the physical layer.
This layer comprises of two sub-layers. The first is media access control (MAC), which provides flow control & multiplexing for transmissions over a network. The second is the logical link control (LLC), which provides flow and error control over physical medium and identifies line protocols.
Network Layer
This layer is responsible for the reception of frames from data link layer, and delivering the same to intended destinations based on the addresses that are contained inside the frame. The layer finds the destination by using logical addresses, such as IP. At the network layer, routers are a very crucial component that is used to quite literally route information wherever it needs to go between the networks.
Transport Layer
This layer manages the delivery & error checking of the data packets. It regulates the sequencing, size, and the transfer of data between hosts and system. One of the most popular examples of the transport layer is the TCP or Transmission Control Protocol.
Session Layer
This layer controls conversations between different computers. A session/connection between machines is first set up, managed, and then terminated at layer 5. Session layer services usually also include authentication & reconnections.
Presentation Layer
This layer formats or translates data for application layer based on the semantics or syntax, that the application accepts. Because of this, at times it is also called as the ” syntax layer”. Presentation layer also handles the decryption and encryption that is required by the application layer.
Application Layer
At the application layer, both the application layer and the end user interact directly with software application. The application layer sees network services provided to end-user applications such as a Office 365 or the web browser. This layer identifies resource availability, communication partners, and synchronizes communication.
Significance:
· OSI model can differentiate well between the interfaces, services, and protocols.
· Protocols of the OSI model are well hidden.
· The protocols can be replaced by new protocols as and when technology changes.
· It supports connection-oriented services and also connectionless service.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model helps determine how a specific computer must be connected to the internet and how data must be transmitted between the computers. It helps to create a virtual network when multiple computer networks are connected together. The TCP/IP model allows communication over large distances.
TCP/IP is short for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. The TCP/IP Stack is designed as a model to offer a highly reliable & end-to-end byte stream over an untrustworthy internetwork.
The functions of the TCP IP model are divided among four layers, and each includes certain specific protocols.
It is a layered architecture system in which each layer is defined according to a specific function that it performs. All these layers work in collaboration to transmit data from one layer to another layer.
· Application Layer
This is the OSI layer, which is the closest to the end-user. It means the OSI application layer allows users to associate with the other software applications.
Application layer associates with software applications to execute a communicating component. The assessment of the data by application program is always outside the scope of the OSI model.
· Transport Layer
This layer builds over the network layer to facilitate data transport from processes on a source system machine to processes on a destination system. It is hosted using either a single or multiple networks, and it also maintains the quality of the service.
The layer determines how much data has to be sent at what rate and where. The Transport layer builds on the messages that are received from the application layer. This helps ensure that the data units that are delivered are error-free and in a proper sequence.
· Internet Layer
The internet layer is the second layer of TCP/IP layers of TCP/IP model. The main objective of this layer is to send data packets from any network, and from any computer until they reach the destination irrespective of the route that they take.
This layer offers functional and procedural methods for transferring data sequences of variable length from one node to another with the help of various networks.
· Network Interface
This layer, also called a network access layer, helps you to define details of how data should be transmitted using the network.
The layer also defines how any data should be sent physically across the network. The layer is responsible for the transmission of the data between any two devices on the same...