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MGM2202 Supplementary Assessment THT3111: Case Study on Cultural and Environmental Tourism: Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco This supplementary assessment is based on the concepts and theories discussed throughout the semester as in content and application. Some questions will refer to environmental tourism and the case studies addressed in class. The majority of the questions relate to the Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi, Italy, in light of cultural tourism. Some information can be found as per below website. Futher research MUST be conducted. Information on Basilica of San Francesco: · World Heritage listing: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/990/ · Basilica Website: https://www.sanfrancescoassisi.org/html/ita/index.php · Sustainability project: https://www.frasole.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/progettofrasole_brochure_20x20-EN_LR.pdf Source: OrangeSmile Tours 2021 https://www.orangesmile.com/common/img_city_maps/assisi-map-0.jpg Your essay-style answers must be between 180-200 words per question. Each question is worth two (2) marks. All questions must be answered referring to theories and case studies as indicated. All answers require referencing. In-text referencing is mandatory and a complete reference list and a copy of the Robusticity Matrix must be supplied at the end of the assessment. Both, in-text referencing and the reference list must be formatted according to APA referencing format. Supplementary Assessment Questions 1. Briefly describe the environmental concepts of the Shallow and Deep Ecology (Aerne Naess, 1973) and The Interaction of Tourist with the Environment (Iso-Ahola, 1980) and provide a comparison how these two concepts agree or disagree with each other. You can use a graph/image to support your answer. 2. Referring to class discussions, briefly describe two (2) environmental management strategies and, using case studies from class, choose one example for each of your described strategies. Explain how they correspond to the theories . 3. Explain the concept of Eco-Tourism. Using the case study of the Great Bear Rainforest, demonstrate the importance of the Kitasoo/Xai’xais people and The Indigenous Tourism Association of British Columbia in the context of Ecotourism and the Great Bear Rainforest. 4. Provide a brief definition of tangible and intangible cultural assets and give detailed descriptions on how the Basilica of San Francesco (Assisi) represents both of these assets. 5. Conduct an asset audit on the Basilica of San Francesco (Assisi). Describe the outcome and state your reasons why you agree/disagree with the result. The Robusticity Matrix must be submitted at the end of this document. 6. Briefly describe the different types of relationship between cultural heritage sites and tourism businesses in general. Analyse the relationship between the Basilica of San Francesco (Assisi) and tourism operators and logically demonstrate where you would position this relationship. 7. The Roman Theatre in Assisi is an open access site (http://www.visit-assisi.it/en/roman-sites/amphitheatre/) with mainly stones and ruins. Assumption: money has been reserved to rebuild this site. Describe the concepts of conservation, preservation and modernisation. Which of these would you apply here? Give your reasons. 8. Assuming, this site has been researched and it can be developed for the use of tourism. Name three (3) development options and describe how these would benefit tourism and the local community. 9. Briefly explain the concept of Gatekeepers in relation to Opinion Formers. Analyse the visitor experiences and information at / of the Basilica of San Francesco. How does this cultural site guarantee a quality experience of Gatekeepers? 10. Refer to the “Sustainability project fo the Sacred Convent of Assisi” (see separate PDF and / or https://www.frasole.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/progettofrasole_brochure_20x20-EN_LR.pdf). Identify the goals of this project and explain how the three pillars of sustainability have been addressed. Describe who will benefit from this project. Answers for the case study 1. https://www.sanfrancescoassisi.org/html/ita/index.php supplementary assesment case answer.pdf 1 Su st ain ab ility project for the M onum ental Com plex of Assisi A PROJECT OF THE Custodia Generale del Sacro Convento www.sanfrancescoassisi.org promotors WITH THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF www.arpa.umbria.it COORDINATED BY www.sisifo.eu www.novamont.com main partner the project has obtained the patronage of “Love for the environment brings with it both value and profit on a number of levels: on the one hand, it reduces costs, thanks to the possibility of using capital for energy saving and sustainability measures, while on the other, it makes an effective, practical contribution to caring for Earth, our common home; and lastly, with it comes a sense of coherence and satisfaction with regard to the original ecology manifesto written by Saint Francis: the Canticle of the Sun, which provides us with the inspiration for the essential values of peace and harmony between humankind and creation. A Project of this importance cannot be implemented without skills and the enthusiasm from various quarters able to support and regulate one another”. Brother Mauro Gambetti Custodian Father of the Sacred Convent “Earth is a finite system, with a limited capacity to regenerate resources and absorb waste, and social and ecological systems can remain alive only if we are able to recognise and respect the limits set by the natural environment. Each one of us must share responsibility for the need to pursue a sustainable approach based on equity within and between the generations, with a view to improving the living conditions of the poorest populations on Earth and of future generations”. Walter Ganapini General Manager of ARPA Umbria and an Honorary Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Environment Agency “After almost two years of activity, Fra’ Sole is starting to take a look at the results achieved, and – more importantly - is beginning to set ambitious new targets that require further, challenging new partnerships. These will regard not only Waste, Water and Energy, but also the relationship with money, with the local area and with visitors to the Monumental Complex of Assisi. The fact that Fra’ Sole has become a common action for Ethical Financing and for the Circular Economy is another positive outcome that we will continue to work on, inspired by the Integral Ecology approach foreseen by Pope Francis”. Giuseppe Lanzi Managing Director of Sisifo and coordinator of the Project WE NEED A CONVERSATION WHICH INCLUDES EVERYONE, SINCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE WE ARE UNDERGOING, AND ITS HUMAN ROOTS, CONCERN AND AFFECT US ALL Pope Francis, Laudato si’, 14 2 3 4 5 LAUDATO SI’ Francis’s biographers tell of his love for animals, with which he established a mutual relationship of care and respect. In Compilatio Assisiensis, we learn that: “He told the brother who cut the wood for the fire not to cut down the whole tree, but let one part remain. He used to tell the brother who took care of the garden not to cultivate all the ground in the garden for vegetables, but to leave a piece of ground that would produce wild plants, […] so that in their time they would invite all who saw the beautiful flowers to praise God” (FF 1623). This lifestyle the Saint proposed was founded on three imperatives – do not pollute, do not EARTH: THE HOME OF JOY AND LOVE Economy and ecology share the same root, oikos, and form the crossroads that leads to either the construction or the destruction of our planet, today and tomorrow. While on the one hand the etymology of the term economy – meaning “household management” – refers to purchase and sale, to the rules governing business, on the other, ecology requires us to know and love our sister, Mother Earth. Ingenuity and organisational skills, relations between people and communities, politics and law, as well as the earth and the climate, the seas and the subsoil, vices and virtues, spirituality and material all meet and collide in our common home, at the crossroads between ecology and economy. What are the essential coordinates for building a common home for the good of everyone, where everyone’s resources are protected? Francis mentioned two: poverty and giving. Poverty is waste, do not exploit – and on three principles: you own nothing, life on earth depends also on you, and the economy brings benefits only if it is governed by sustainable development and beauty. Such is our faith in the wisdom, efficacy and modernity of Francis’s lifestyle that we have chosen to emulate it in the Caput et Mater of the Order. Food, water and energy…; education, relations and finance… have been structured along three founding guidelines: consideration, transformation and communion. It is this that has generated the project Fra’ Sole: Praised be You, my Lord, with all your creatures! the door to freedom and sharing, but it is also the condition for true awareness and an ability to respect and treasure what we have. Giving is the soul of the world and of relations, including those regarding the market and finance; it’s the food of life. As Saint Francis teaches us: giving back with gratitude, expecting nothing in return, is the living principle of joy and love. 76 THE FRA’ SOLE PROJECT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES: A To implement good sustainability practices in the Sacred Convent, starting from a detailed analysis of the current situation and the corrective actions necessary. Water, Energy and Waste are the three areas the Fra’ Sole project focuses on. The project did not start from scratch, since the community of friars had been seeking ways of reducing their environmental impact for some time. The project is thus a continuation of earlier actions, which it aims to structure into a system, with efforts designed to analyse not only the question of the building, but also the daily lives of the friars, and paying close attention to the millions of pilgrims who each year visit the Tomb of Saint Francis. An initial study by the Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA Umbria) analysed the energy flows and the existing systems, identifying potential improvements regarding both electricity consumption and the heating and cooling systems for the building,