Answer To: Microsoft Word - 1 itech 7400 ethical discussion forum XXXXXXXXXXpdf Page 1 CRICOS Provider No....
Hartirath answered on Aug 19 2021
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Contents
Part 1 3
Part 2 6
References 8
Part 1
When we make choices in decision-making, are also called moral dilemmas. In some cases, sometimes we have two choices, and we must accept one choice, which may be morally unacceptable. Robotic surgery is generally safe or secure, and its efficiency and effectiveness will increase over time. There are always opportunities for human error, as well as it is said that the potentially prone hands of experienced surgeons can cause errors moreover ruin the operation (Burmeister, 2017). On the other hand, the robot can have such precision that the operation performed by the robot can be expected to be completely smooth. However, there is an ethical dilemma because technology is not always risk-free. In the past, the patient's surgery was really bad, and due to some errors, the robotic arm carrier almost caused a fatal operation. In the specific case suggested in this case study, a patient with prostate cancer needs to use the keyhole surgery of a robotic arm to remove his prostate, thereby damaging the person's intestines. This leads to patient organ failure (CACIUC, 2014).
After understanding the risk-benefit analysis of using IT a well as robotic surgery, we can now review the moral theory introduced in the lecture. The ethical theories discussed in the lecture include utilitarianism, deontology, social contract theory, and character-based ethics. Now, we can briefly review each theory and briefly outline each of the four moral theories (Chan, 2019). When discussing these theories, we can propose solutions to difficult problems from each of the four moral theories. In utilitarian theory, people would think that the program is not very ethical because it is not helpful or safe, because they think that even if they can benefit from it, the undesirable consequences will be worse. Their position is that if negative results lead to neutral or positive results, then it is moral. In this case, if an accident happens to the machine, the result will be death. If the person is guaranteed to survive after surgery, then it will be considered ethical and safe (Corredig, 2009).
In social contract theory, this is considered moral because the person agrees in advance as well as knows the danger. Therefore, the doctor will take out the patient's signature to explain the risk, for example, if the robot arm eats indiscriminately, it will cause complications (Funk, 2011). Role-based ethics is considered ethical because such behavior can bring the greatest benefits. The problem is that it is not always good and can lead to undesirable results. Although it is difficult to say in this case that it is because of the belief that people will gain morality, robots cannot do this (Gotterbarn & Miller, 2017). Although this technology was created by people with moral intentions.
Deontology believes that this is moral because the intention is good, as well as the theory focuses more on the intention of the action rather than the result of the action (Kogelmann, 2018). Even this theory can be used to prove that it is correct, because the doctor can say that the intention is good, even though the outcome did not happen as expected. Any technology has positive and negative risks. For example, people use cars or even airplanes as a faster way to travel, but sometimes airplanes crash....