Midterm Take-Home Exam
N818 – Winter 2020
The purpose of this exam is to test your knowledge and application of basic statistical theory as outlined in this course. This activity will test your understanding of the readings, and ability to utilize, interpret and write-up outputs using SPSS. This exam is also designed to provide practice and preparation for the final exam.
For this exam, please read the following instructions carefully. For all statistical questions, please use Morgan’s et al. (2019) textbook as a guide for your final answers. It is an expectation that you use Morgan’s work to guide your “write-up for publication” for each question.
You will notice that Morgan provides a “write-up for publication” at the end of each statistical test. Please be careful to follow these examples and include the correct symbols, numbers, decimal points and appropriate formatting (e.g. italics,
p
values). Please include effect size (where applicable), whether or not results are statistically significant. Please include the additional required details from the document “How to Answer Statistics Questions in this Course”. Morgan does not always include all of these requirements (e.g. descriptive statistics, skewness explaining the problem), so please ensure you include all of the required results. You may use Heavey (2019) to assist you with questions related to odds ratio and/or relative risk.
For each statistical question, please provide only a paragraph (Write-up for Publication) for each question, but do not include any tables (unless asked to do so).
Do not include answers to Question 1-13 in the document “How to Answer Statistics Questions in this Course”.
For the purposes of this exam, please do not include your SPSS outputs (due to space limitations).
Please do not exceed 1,200 words total for this assignment (Total word count for Question 1-6).
Please
do not
check for outliers or missing data (this is not necessary in this course), but you must check for skewness and other assumptions noted in each chapter.
If you have additional questions about the expectations, please feel free to ask. However, I will
not
be able to answer questions about “being on the right track” in order to be fair to everyone in this course. Remember this exam is worth
20%
of your final grade, so please read the instructions carefully, and refer to the syllabus for further information regarding expectations and group work. The number of marks are clearly indicated for each question. Questions on the final exam will be provided in much the same format. Good luck!
/144 Total
/1
1. A study was conducted where the researchers were interested in comparing the quality of life (QoL) outcomes for chemotherapy treatment versus radiotherapy for breast cancer. The researcher recruited 50 subjects and had them fill out the Quality of Life Questionnaire.
Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis for this study.
/36
2. Identify the appropriate inferential statistic(s) for the following research questions. Please remember to think about assumptions for each question before choosing your answer. You might consider how a researcher would collect the data before you identify the levels of measurement for your variables. Your answers can be written in point form (6 marks each). To explain your answer, please identify:
· The appropriate inferential statistic /1
· The Dependent Variable (DV) and the correct level of measurement for the DV /2
· The Independent Variable (IV)and the correct level of measurement for the IV /2
· The type of Research Question /1
a. Do males and females differ in regards to whether or not they develop gout?
b. Do older adults who exercise at least 3 times per week score significantly higher in functional performance tests (normal data) compared to those who do not exercise at least 3 times per week?
c. A physiotherapist wanted to investigate whether there was a difference in the number of unplanned physician visit for patients who were randomly assigned to different groups: health-teaching pamphlet only; 3-month resistance and balance training; and 6-month resistance and balance training. (Hint: statistical analysis revealed that the distribution of residuals are not normally distributed).
d. Does race (Caucasian, Black, Asian, Indigenous) affect whether or not prostate cancer patients respond favorably to the drug “enzalutamide”?
e. Do radiation oncologists’ intention to collaborate with the geriatric team change (yes/no) over time in terms of before and after attending the in-service?
f. Is there a relationship between waist circumference (normal) and BMI (normal)?
/24
3. Researchers wanted to understand more about the effect of Fitbit on older adults’ activity level. Data were collected from 50 community-dwelling older adults. Using the dataset provided in p.5-6, identify the appropriate inferential statistic(s) for the research questions that follow below. Please remember to check the appropriate assumptions for each question before choosing your answer (note: you do not need to run any data at this point). Your answers can be written in point form (6 marks each). To explain your answer, please identify:
· The appropriate inferential statistic /1
· The Dependent Variable and the correct level of measurement for the Dependent Variable /2
· The Independent Variable and the correct level of measurement for the Independent Variable /2
· The type of Research Question /1
a. How does the number of hours spent wearing the Fitbit predict older adults’ actual activity level (as measured by number of steps taken)?
b. Does age influence how older adults self-rate their own activity level?
c. Is there a relationship between whether older adults intend to participate in a subsequent, longer intervention (yes/no) and whether they feel that the current intervention is beneficial to their physical health (yes/no)?
d. Did patient satisfaction regarding own physical activity level change significantly between baseline and end-of-intervention follow-up?
/26
4.
Using the dataset provided on p.5-6,
please run the appropriate statistical test for the question in
3 a). Please write-up your results for publication in paragraph style. Please include all relevant variables in your results, but do not include a table for this question.
/13
5.
Using the dataset provided on p.5-6,
please run the appropriate statistical test for the question in
3 c). Please write-up your results for publication in paragraph style. Please include all relevant variables in your results, but do not include a table for this question.
/20
6.
Using the dataset provided on p.5-6,
please run the appropriate statistical test for the question in
3 b or d). You only need to choose one to work on, not both. Please write-up your results for publication in paragraph style. Please include all relevant variables in your results, but do not include a table for this question.
/24
7. What is the chance of developing uterine cancer for women who did or did not receive Tamoxifen? Of 100 women, 39 had received Tamoxifen and developed uterine cancer. Ten had received Tamoxifen and did not develop uterine cancer. Five women did not receive Tamoxifen and developed uterine cancer, and 46 did not receive Tamoxifen and did not develop uterine cancer. Calculate an odds ratio and explain your answer.
Please include:
§
Your cross-tabulation table
(hint: it may be helpful to make your own cross-tabulation table using the information provided before running data in SPSS; it will give you a better visual and may help you identify the elements clearly when entering data into SPSS, thus minimizing the chances of potential error).
§
Calculations
(show your calculations for the odds ratio using the odds ratio formula).
§
SPSS outputs
(SPSS output tables can be copied and pasted directly into your Word document). Please also interpret the confidence interval for this problem.
Write up results and interpret the findings as you would for publication. Report your findings to 2 decimal points.
Pt ID
|
Age
|
Gender
|
Pt satisfaction of activity level at baseline
|
Number of hours wearing Fitbit per day
|
Number of steps taken per day
|
Older adults’ self-rated activity level
|
Pt satisfaction of activity level at end of study
|
Intention to participate in subsequent intervention program
|
Believe that participation in current study is beneficial to own physical health
|
1
|
65
|
M
|
1
|
16
|
10,000
|
3
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2
|
66
|
F
|
2
|
11
|
7,000
|
4
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
3
|
74
|
F
|
1
|
20
|
13,500
|
4
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
4
|
92
|
M
|
3
|
5
|
3,000
|
2
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
5
|
77
|
M
|
1
|
15
|
10,000
|
3
|
2
|
No
|
Yes
|
6
|
76
|
M
|
4
|
13
|
8,500
|
4
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
7
|
68
|
M
|
2
|
12
|
9,000
|
5
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
8
|
82
|
M
|
3
|
9
|
5,500
|
5
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
9
|
73
|
F
|
3
|
23
|
12,700
|
1
|
5
|
No
|
Yes
|
10
|
69
|
F
|
2
|
18
|
8,300
|
5
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
11
|
67
|
F
|
1
|
16
|
8,700
|
4
|
2
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
12
|
70
|
M
|
1
|
7
|
5,300
|
3
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
13
|
81
|
M
|
2
|
4
|
2,000
|
3
|
1
|
Yes
|
No
|
14
|
77
|
M
|
3
|
21
|
11,700
|
2
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
15
|
82
|
F
|
2
|
6
|
4,000
|
2
|
3
|
No
|
Yes
|
16
|
73
|
F
|
4
|
8
|
6,800
|
3
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
17
|
67
|
M
|
4
|
20
|
11,000
|
2
|
1
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
18
|
68
|
F
|
2
|
17
|
9,300
|
4
|
1
|
No
|
No
|
19
|
74
|
M
|
2
|
15
|
7,000
|
4
|
2
|
No
|
No
|
20
|
65
|
F
|
1
|
15
|
10,000
|
3
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
21
|
72
|
M
|
1
|
12
|
12,000
|
2
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
22
|
85
|
F
|
3
|
11
|
8,300
|
5
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
23
|
87
|
M
|
1
|
8
|
7,900
|
1
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
24
|
66
|
F
|
3
|
4
|
800
|
4
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
25
|
64
|
M
|
2
|
19
|
12,800
|
4
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
26
|
82
|
F
|
1
|
17
|
7,200
|
3
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
27
|
65
|
F
|
3
|
21
|
13,300
|
4
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
28
|
73
|
M
|
5
|
1
|
600
|
5
|
2
|
No
|
No
|
29
|
78
|
M
|
2
|
9
|
2,500
|
3
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
30
|
67
|
M
|
3
|
10
|
5,600
|
3
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
31
|
84
|
F
|
2
|
14
|
9,200
|
5
|
2
|
No
|
No
|
32
|
80
|
M
|
1
|
18
|
10,400
|
4
|
2
|
No
|
No
|
33
|
72
|
F
|
2
|
15
|
7,000
|
2
|
3
|
No
|
Yes
|
34
|
77
|
F
|
4
|
16
|
7,100
|
3
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
35
|
80
|
M
|
3
|
3
|
1,000
|
3
|
1
|
No
|
No
|
36
|
67
|
F
|
3
|
3
|
900
|
4
|
1
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
37
|
68
|
M
|
1
|
22
|
10,000
|
4
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
38
|
79
|
F
|
3
|
7
|
1,400
|
3
|
2
|
No
|
Yes
|
39
|
65
|
M
|
2
|
17
|
9,000
|
4
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
40
|
72
|
F
|
1
|
17
|
8,300
|
2
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
41
|
85
|
F
|
2
|
19
|
7,900
|
4
|
1
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
42
|
87
|
M
|
4
|
15
|
9,500
|
3
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
43
|
66
|
M
|
2
|
16
|
11,000
|
5
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
44
|
64
|
F
|
3
|
8
|
3,000
|
4
|
4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
45
|
62
|
M
|
1
|
14
|
7,200
|
3
|
5
|
No
|
Yes
|
46
|
67
|
F
|
3
|
13
|
8,500
|
3
|
5
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
47
|
71
|
F
|
2
|
14
|
6,000
|
3
|
3
|
No
|
Yes
|
48
|
90
|
M
|
2
|
7
|
2,000
|
4
|
4
|
No
|
Yes
|
49
|
90
|
M
|
1
|
22
|
10,400
|
4
|
3
|
No
|
No
|
50
|
69
|
M
|
4
|
4
|
860
|
4
|
3
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
When setting up the data in SPSS, note that:
- Patient satisfaction is on a 5-point Likert scale (1- Very dissatisfied, 2- Dissatisfied, 3- Neutral, 4- Satisfied, 5- Very satisfied)
- Self-rated activity level is also on a 5-point Likert scale (1- very low, 2- Low, 3- Average, 4- High, 5- Very high)
(hint: for the purposes of this exam, please treat both as ‘ranked data’)
Also, you do not need to enter ‘Gender’ into SPSS as it will not be included in the questions in this exam.