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PUBLIC HEALTH
ENVIENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
RESPIRATORY DISEASES CAUSED BY ELECTRIC WELDING IN AUSTRALIA
Contents
Introduction    3
Description of Industry, processes, and works involving welding    3
Nature of Hazard and Potential health effects    4
Strategy in searching the literature    5
Critical overview of the problem and control strategies for the hazard    5
Risk assessment and prevention measures    7
Critical Overview of the Problem    9
References    11
Introduction
Occupational health hazards are very common and almost every profession involves some type of health hazard, which might be physical or mental. It would be essential to consider that individuals working at construction sites or are employed at other sectors where manufacturing or construction is done, they are more prone to physical hazards. Electric welding is a very common and essential process in metal industries. During the process of welding, metals are melted and fused together and many harmful fumes are released as a by-product of this process. Long-term exposure to these fumes leads to the risk for the development of lung diseases or other respiratory diseases. This essay would tend to focus upon the issue of respiratory diseases in Australia caused by electric welding. Efforts would be made to present the industry data and justify its significance with respect to its effect on the health of workers. Likewise, this essay will end with the risk assessment and preventive measures, which could allow the workers to prevent the development of respiratory diseases while working with electric welding.
Description of Industry, processes, and works involving welding
Electric welding is a very common, essential and crucial process in the metal industry. It is also known as arc welding because; during this process, a metal arc is used as a filler. In order to join 2 metals, electricity is used to create enough heat, which melts the metal and then the metal arc is used as a filler, which results into binding of metals when the metals cool. It has been presented that students from Welding Engineering receive their jobs even before completing their graduation and this reflects that welding industry is a growing industry in Australia (1).
Further, it would be essential to consider that welding in Australia is considered as a good career option and this is majorly because it comes with a list of adaptable skills. The skills of a welder are required in many industries such as, oil industry, under water welding, construction sites, building works, manufacturing plants or companies, automobile repairing shops and much more. However, it would be essential to consider that none of these industries has been reported to pay much attention towards the health hazards and the impacts of this occupation on the life of welders.
Nature of Hazard and Potential health effects
Despite of the fact that welding could be a really good career for individuals, it would be essential to present an outline of all the occupational hazards associated with this process. According to the data presented by Cancer Council Australia, welding activities, irrespective of its different categories or types, leads to the production of many contaminants as well as pollutants through welding fumes and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the welding arc. Further, both of the prior presented contaminants are also considered as potent carcinogens, which can lead to the risk of melanoma of the eye, lung and other type of cancers (2). UV radiation is another major carcinogen associated the process of electric welding as well as laser welding. UV radiations are produced by the arc during welding process and reflected UV radiations have the potency to penetrate human skin, which can further cause eye damage, sunburn, skin cancers, cataracts, eye melanoma and much more (2).
It would be essential to consider that heating of metals above their boiling point leads to the generation of welding fumes. Further, metal cools and then it condenses into particulate matter, which could be inhaled. Some of these welding fumes might be visible while other are invisible and in 2017, all types of welding fumes were classified as group 1 carcinogen (3). Metal oxides, fluorides, silicates such as Beryllium, Nickel, Cadmium Oxides and much more are potent carcinogens found in these welding fumes. All of these fumes have the ability to cause respiratory diseases among welders and other individuals in the surrounding areas. Common respiratory diseases include asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, silicosis, sideslips, and much more. These diseases and their association with welding have been discussed below.
Strategy in searching the literature
It would be essential to consider that the data presented here had been collected from various sources and databases. Google Scholar was the major database used for the collection of literature, journal articles and research works. In order to search for literature at databases such as, PubMed and MEDLINE several keywords were used such as ‘electric welding’, ‘respiratory diseases in Australia’. Both of these keywords were joined using Boolean ‘And’ and the search presented 1,230 results. Further, in order to narrow down the search,...