my thesis is about "The importance of construction in the modern world”.are able to write it in accordance of my thesis prosposal and how much is going to cost for a A+ grade

Thesis –The importance of construction in Modern Organization
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
ENQUIRY OVERVIEW
The purpose of this research was to investigate the importance of construction in the modern
world today. Carried out as a qualitative inquiry, the research unveils the facts underneath
the case which has the intensity of impacting positively on the business value of the
organization when received by the management. The work is sequentially arranged
commencing with the description of the scope of study and concluding by suggesting new
insights for further research direction. However, the principal aim of this section is to provide
the reader with a synopsis of the major chapters as they emerge. Specifically, it is an
overview of what is to be expected in the rest of the study so as to enhance and provide a
detailed guidance.
The research sets out with an introduction which seeks to explain to the reader the key aims
and objectives of the case understudy, not only stressing the essentiality of such investigation
but also bringing to light the background of the research which is invaluable for the pursuit of
the study as well as the possible limitations emanating from it. The next chapter after the
introduction attempts to review extant literature relevant to the research. In this section
therefore, effort was directed in building a strong theoretical foundation and providing a
framework for data analysis. Besides this, the chapter consists of dominant theories and
empirical works of expert on the topic, their findings and recommendations and how they
relate to the present study. It goes a long way to trace the origin of the subject matter, how it
has been conceived and developed in the different eras of history.
Following the literature review is an exposition of the research methodology used in the
course of the study and the justification for employing them. This chapter begins with a
reconsideration of the research aims and objectives and how it links to the literature exposed.
This will not only enable the reader to come in terms again with an overview of what has
been done but also assist in discovering the suitability of the methods being employed in
investigating the research aims and objectives. The chapter goes on to look at the research
paradigm, the research instrument, the data collection methods and sampling as well as the
ethical considerations applied in the study.
After the exposition of the research methodology employed the next chapter presents the data
collection process, the data analytical technique used as well the reasons for not considering
other possible methods. Using inductive thematic data analytical tool the chapter also
analyzed the empirical materials generated from the fieldwork. Finally, the research last part
which is the conclusion and recommendations evaluates the findings, linking each of the
research aims and objectives with the literature. In addition to this, the chapter relates the
implications to management by first and foremost bringing into focus once more the research
findings as well as suggesting feasible recommendations. More so, it went further to present
possible areas of future research opportunities found during the course of the investigation.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate into the importance construction in the developed world
today as a case study. But research shows that any study to be undertaken always goes with
some research aims and objectives of which will not only facilitate the inquiry but more so
guide it. Aims and objectives could be seen as the underlying factor necessitating an enquiry
and any research without it appear to be void of substance (Bryman 2001). Consequently, the
following aims and objectives were designed to accomplish this study:
 What is the importance of construction in the modern world from the
perspective of the economy?
 What is the importance of construction for the economy of developing
countries?
 How does the economy of developing countries impact by the construction
industry, in comparison to the developed countries?
 How the technological advancements have been changing the construction
industry?
 What is the importance of ecological construction?
Objectives and Associated Resources
The main aims of this research are to analyze the importance of the construction industry,
from the economic perspectives. The people planning to build their career in the construction
industry must have sufficient knowledge about the importance and progress of the
construction industry. This dissertation will help in developing the knowledge background
about the construction industry, and the economic position of construction professionals. The
construction industry is essential for developing the physical infrastructure, but it is also vital
for the progress of the countries as it provides a large number of employments (AGUNG,
Ir.M. and WIBOWO, MM., 2005, pp.1)
The process of construction deals with the transformation of architectural design into
actual physical infrastructure (e How, 2012). The construction industry transforms the
resources into physical and economic resources for the country. It involves the activities
which plan, design, maintain and repair the physical infrastructures. In the modern world,
construction industry is essential for the socioeconomic development and growth. The United
Nations define the construction process as an integral process for the country‘s economy
improvement (Rudock L., 2007, pp.2). The Gross Domestic Product of the developed
countries depends on the construction industry up to 5%.
The importance of construction and engineering is unquestionable in this modern era. The
construction industry plays a vital role in the development of urban and suburban
infrastructure. The construction industry and engineers work for the development of cities,
communities, industries, residential projects and many more. Despite of the entire economic
crisis, the construction industry survives at a pretty significant level, each country (either
developing or developed) needs to develop houses and bridges for its people. Business
organizations need the buildings and offices for executing their business processes, people
need homes to live and children need schools for education. In short, the construction
industry provides physical infrastructures for both public and private sectors. The
construction industry in many countries was at the decline for past few decades. This decline
is the main reason behind the hesitation of the young graduates that they depict in joining the
construction industry. However, recently the construction industry has started progressing
again, providing thousands of career and learning opportunities for the fresh and young
professionals. This research will help the readers in finding out the economic facts and
benefits that relate to the construction industry for the majority of the countries that classify
as either developing or developed.
The construction design and analysis is an important area from the safety perspectives. The
construction engineers and other professionals are responsible for maintaining the
construction standards, in order to ensure safety, convenience, and protection. The safety
assurance deals with the materials and procedures involved in the construction process. The
construction industry also plays an important role for the repair and maintenance of the
existing infrastructures, such as roads and demolished buildings.
In addition to the typical construction, the construction industry is also essential for
recovering from the natural hazards such as flood, fire or earthquakes. A research conducted
at University of California depicts that construction activities help the country in improving
the conditions after earth quake strike (NISEE, 1997). For example, right after the earth
quake strike, the construction workers begin to rebuild the buildings, homes and hospitals.
According to research, the construction industry proves to be one of the most hazardous
industries. The construction professionals regularly engage in activities which demand to
work at extreme heights and operations of heavy machinery. In the developed countries, the
construction professionals are paid well due to the risky nature of their jobs. However, this is
not the case in the developing countries, where little or no compensation is paid to the
professional or family in case of any accident.
The construction is a prestigious industry even for less developed or developing countries.
There are various research articles that critically examine the role of the construction industry
in improving the economic conditions of the developing countries. However, the construction
industry is not a smart choice for the young professionals of the developing countries. I will
include articles for presenting a brief analysis of the topic (Ten W., 2002, pp. 593), and
presenting the comparison between the economic positions of the construction professionals
of developing and developed countries.
The innovative use of technology in the construction industry serves as the boon for
construction professionals, as the professionals can perform their construction activities with
an improved level of security. The increasing demands of structures and complex
architectures have been becoming difficult to achieve without relying on the modern
construction technologies. In addition, the technology also supports the constructions at
dangerous heights and remote locations. The construction professionals integrate the
construction theories, modern technologies, and business awareness for efficient
constructions and maximum profits. I plan to include some research articles on the topic of
impact of technological advancement on modern constructions in the literature review phase.
More recently, the concept of ecological constructions has emerged (CAIS, 2008). Green
construction is the concept which works for minimizing the hazardous impacts on natural
resources that associate with the construction activities. Green building deals with devising
the strategies utilizing which, energy utilization and negative environmental impacts can
minimize throughout the construction processes. I found a journal article discussing the
processes that the construction and post construction processes embed to ensure the green
building (Hostetler, M., 2010, pp. 1128). The constructions relying on modern technologies
prove to be environmental friendly, as the technology involvement helps in reducing the
energy consumption and optimizes the use of resources.
Planned Research Methodology
The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of the construction process and
industry.The increasing importance of construction processes, the interests of young
graduates in building the career in the construction industry, the past decline of the industry
in earlier decades are the main motivations for the research.
The research methodology for this dissertation will include both qualitative and quantitative
research techniques. The collection of facts and analysis of related research will be a part of
qualitative or descriptive research, while to conclude the results from the research findings,
facts and figures, I will make use of the quantitative research techniques.
I may include some case studies from different countries. I believe that case studies help a lot
in developing the understanding about the research topic, and analysis of the practical and
real world situations. A wide range of case studies are easily available on internet depicting
the facts and scenarios about the construction processes, in various countries and
communities. I may not necessarily include the case studies in my research dissertation, but I
plan to study some construction cases from developing and developed countries. This
research approach will also help in data collection phase. I will ultimately use some statistical
formulas and techniques for comparisons and presentations of results.
Research Programme
The Dissertation starts with the formulation of the research problem and questions. This
initial phase is already covered, and the current paper fulfils initial requirements of the
research proposal.
In the second phase of my research, I will analyze the related literature. At most, I will spend
a period of approximately one month for literature review and detailed analysis. I plan to find
out the research article published in quality journals or in the proceedings of works ranked
conferences. Also, for finding out the numerical facts and data about the economical impacts
of construction in various countries, I will have to use the updated web resources such as
United Nations or the public websites of countries that provide the general statistics and
economic facts. In addition, I will also refer to the white papers and websites of various
constructions and manufacturers companies. However, I will not base my research on the
latter resources, as these resources prove to be less reliable.
After performing a detailed literature review about the importance of construction on the
economy of the developing and developed countries, the impact of technological
advancement on the construction industry, and importance of construction industry, the next
phase deals with the data collection. As the research topic requires the data collection from a
wider range of countries, it will not be possible to execute the data collection phase by
conducting surveys or getting the questionnaires filled. Online surveys and questionnaires
have always been an option for conducting the research of proposed type. However, I do not
believe in online surveys or questionnaires due to the lack of reliability. In this case, the only
possible means for data collection is to rely on the data available on the websites of the
international bodies, or the official websites, as discussed in the previous section. I will
ensure the collection of reliable data by referring only to the authentic websites of
government. Data collection will be a crucial stage, and I plan to execute this stage carefully,
as the conclusions and results will base on these findings. I intend to spend about one month
time on the data collection phase.
After completing data collection, the data analysis stage will appear, for which I will have to
find out that which tool to use. As I expect that huge amounts of data will generate as a result
of the data collection stage, I may need to use any software tool to perform data analysis. The
simplest feasible option available is to use MS Excel and the built in statistics formulae. The
MS Excel can help me in performing advance mathematical and statistical operations. I will
also be able to plot graphs between the economical impacts of developing and developed
countries. The graphs will help the readers in having better representations of the numerical
results. In addition, the graphs will help the professionals to have a quick view about the
situations and comparisons of the construction economy of different countries. If time
permits, I also intend to use more advanced options such as goal seek analysis, to predict the
future of the construction industry. The data analysis phase mainly depends on the
proficiency and knowledge of the software tool under use. If I will use MS EXCEL, then I
will allocate a time of approximately one month for the phase. This time also includes the
formulation of numerical results and graphs in a presentable manner. For example, I will
present the numerical findings in the form of well presented tables.
After completing all the above discussed stages, finally I will present my own views on the
subject. The numerical figures about the economic impact of the construction industry in the
developing and developed countries, as found in the data analysis phase will help in drawing
conclusions.
As the topic I chose for my research does not involve any human subject, I do not have to
take care of ethical constraints much. However, I will have to follow the fundamental
research ethics, so that no person or company harm. I plan not to include the names of
companies or sensitive resources, which I will use for data collection and analysis purposes.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
The first chapter presented an introduction and to some extent, an overview of what is to be
expected in the rest of the study. Specifically, it provided the basic premise for this study, the
basic research aims and objectives as well as the research question, which are invaluable for
the pursuit of the study objectives. In this section, effort was directed in building a strong
theoretical foundation and providing a framework for data analysis. In addition to this, the
literature review will afford us the opportunity of knowing what others have done on the
topic or related topics, their findings, recommendations and how all these relate to the present
study.
 What is the importance of construction in the modern world from the
perspective of the economy?
 What is the importance of construction for the economy of developing
countries?
 How does the economy of developing countries impact by the construction
industry, in comparison to the developed countries?
 How the technological advancements have been changing the construction
industry?
 What is the importance of ecological construction?
Background and Methodology
Over time, technology has changed many construction processes. In particular, hydraulic
power, computing and communications networks, and improved materials, such as flowable
and quick-curing concrete, have had significant impacts in the last half century. Many
researchers have investigated the impact of such technology changes on construction
productivity, and their results have been built on and integrated into the model described
herein.
The basis of the model is the assumption that analysis on past experiences can reveal
characteristics that can be used to predict future success. By primarily using historical data, a
predictive model is developed that estimates the potential for a technology to have a positive
impact on construction productivity by incorporating a series of previous studies, described
subsequently, to identify technology characteristics that have been shown to have a positive
influence on productivity.
Predictive Model Framework
The model consists of four stages as follows: (1) strategic economic analysis; (2) technical
feasibility; (3) technology usage issues; and (4) technical impact. Strategic economic analysis
explores the costs, potential benefits, and documentation of the analysed technology. Next,
technical feasibility examines criteria that pertain to the likelihood of successful
implementation of a technology.
Technology usage examines the extent to which a technology could potentially be used on a
construction project. Finally, technical impact examines specific technology attributes that
have been found to directly influence construction productivity.
Each stage is further divided into three or more categories with each category broken down
into different characteristics that are phrased as a series of questions that describe the
evaluated technology. Overall, the authors included 84 different technology characteristics in
the model through literature review and panel discussion of Construction Industry Institute
Research Team 240 (CII RT 240), which includes 25 academic and industrial members.
Additional details about the overall effort of the team can be found in the work of Haas et al.
(2008). The literature review and panel discussion were a joint effort. First, literature related
to technology assessment and technical impact were reviewed. Next, because of the initial
literature review and the expertise of the research group on the basis of their own company
practices, a preliminary model was built, and the four stages and some of the categories were
identified. These four stages were considered necessary to comprehensively assess and
predict the impact of a technology on construction productivity. On the basis of the
preliminary model, further literature review was conducted and helped to identify specific
characteristics.
Technology Acceptance
Davis et al. (1989) originally formulated a technology acceptance model to explain and
predict why users sometimes accept and reject information systems. Szajna (1996) revised
the model by introducing an objective measure of technology acceptance.
Technology Synergy and Protocol
Cooper and Kleinschmidt (1987) investigated 203 new technologies of U.S. manufacturing
firms and created a model that links technology success and failure to a number of key
technology descriptors including technical synergy and protocol (Cooper and Kleinschmidt
1987). In this research, technical synergy was defined as the ability of the technology to build
from the existing development and production resources of a firm, and protocol is defined as
how well the technology implementation strategy is defined.
Logistics Functions
Jang et al. (2003) identified five important factors relating to the overall satisfaction of
project managers in construction logistics with their job performance. Because many types of
technology have the ability to impact one or more of these site logistic processes, the factors
identified by Jang et al were included in the model.
Statistical analysis showed that all five factors were significantly related to the overall
satisfaction of the project managers with their construction logistics processes. Because the
study of Jang et al. (2003) pertained to the satisfaction of the project manager, the authors
utilized the inverse of the satisfaction values to calculate the relative weight factors. As a
result, low satisfaction values were weighted more in the model than those with high
satisfaction to emphasize an area of needed improvement in construction logistics through a
new technology.
Laser Scanning for Construction Projects
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems are instruments that rapidly perform thousands of
measurements per second of 3D coordinate positions of objects within a region of interest
[U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) 2009], serving as a digital representation of
existing site conditions. Several terms for 3D reflectorless imaging systems exist:
3D laser scanner refers to terrestrial (stationary), mobile (vehicle-mounted), or aerial
(aircraft-mounted) scanning devices that emit a laser to determine distance measurements
through pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) or phase-based imaging (GSA 2009);
Laser detection and ranging (LADAR) is a term for 3D laser scanning systems that obtain
multiple distance measurements within a scene in the form of a point cloud (NIST 2006), a
term commonly used for government-supported detection-related systems (Teizer and
Kahlmann 2007);
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a term for aerial 3D laser scanning systems that are
typically mounted on helicopters or airplanes equipped with inertial global positioning
system (GPS) navigation systems that monitor aircraft orientation, roll, pitch, and yaw
(Schaefer et al. 2005, Kraus and Pfeifer 2001); and
Point Cloud Data Acquisition
Scope Definition
Before any activity takes place in the field, it is important for practitioners to develop a
strategy for data acquisition, beginning with the formal definition of the scope of field
activities. A goal-oriented approach should be emphasized because the end use of the
acquired data explicitly governs the goals of the lasers canning survey. The decomposition of
survey goals is integral to the effective data collection on site (Tang et al. 2007), and it drives
decisions for all downstream activities. Corporate or agency requirements such as
programming guidelines and procedures will also influence the scope definition and should
be formally outlined in the contractual documents with laser-scanning subcontractors.
Planning
The survey goals defined in the scope definition should be combined with measurement and
inspection goals to begin identifying equipment specifications. The selection process should
begin by first identifying whether aerial, mobile, or terrestrial scanning is appropriate on the
basis of the precision and accuracy required to achieve survey goals. Equipment selection
criteria include the range accuracy, useful range, field of view, resolution, scanning speed,
and georeferencing and registration methodologies used for combining multiple scans within
a common coordinate system (Hiremagalur et al. 2007). Practitioners must also determine if
additional data types must be collected, such as photo or video of the site. Because of the
massive amount of output data resulting from capturing dense point clouds, these
supplemental data sets can be helpful during interpretation of data, and several commercially
available systems have this functionality built into the scanner (Leica Geosystems 2010).
Field Operations
Field conditions and target-object-surface properties can heavily influence the accuracy of the
acquired data. Performance-influencing variables in the field include the beam width, the
angle of incidence for scans, and the object characteristics such as color and reflectance
(Hiremagalur et al. 2007). Site conditions such as high winds can influence the precision of
scanned data (Jaselskis et al. 2005), and these field conditions combined with systemic errors
can result in accuracy variances in the field from the technical manufacturer‘s specifications
for scanned objects (Kiziltas et al. 2007). Consideration of target-object placement and
careful planning of scanner and target positions can reduce poor precision results because of
mixed pixels and other systemic problems (Mills and Barber 2004), but it is good practice to
capture multiple scans from different positions to validate uncertain field conditions if
present. Multiple scans must then be registered, which describes the process of establishing
all scans acquired from different field positions in a common coordinate system. This is
accomplished manually using the placement of reference targets in the scanner‘s field of view
(Kiziltas et al. 2007). Registering both 3D computer-aided design (CAD) models and 3D
laser scans in a common coordinate frame can provide an integrated Data Interpretation and
Object Recognition.
The importance of construction is increasing immensely in the developing as well as
developed countries along with a strong focus on the technology. The developed countries are
taking different technological measures with which the country is able to design and develop
high rise buildings and roads.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The preceding chapter brings into focus literature review of this research. Research is very
important as it helps in providing knowledge as well as skills that are needed for quick
decision making. Research methodology can be termed as ―A systematic inquiry whose
objective is to provide information to solve managerial problems‖ (Schindler, 2002). In this
chapter we have brought into focus the research methodology that has been used to analyze
the importance of construction in modern world today.
It also brings into picture different technologies that can be used by the construction company
so as to have the competitive edge in the market and to use different technologies across the
organization.
This will help in analyzing and implementing different technologies that can be used by the
developing countries so as to improve their processing and construction. The chapter brings
into picture a brief description of the research aims and objectives which needs to be met by
the researcher as well as the prospective readers to know the reasons that is being adopted in
this research. We will work on selecting different sources that will be used for collected
relevant data; a mix of primary as well as secondary data will be used as a key consideration
for making the research. This chapter also brings into picture the research philosophy which
states the purpose of the knowledge of different methods of research used in the study. We
have also brought into picture the research strategy and data collection method along with the
different ethical considerations that were undertaken in the study.
RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main aim of the research is to study the importance of construction in modern world
today. The research will help us to bring into picture the reasons for the increasing
importance of construction, the different technologies that are being used by the companiesin
the global perspective.
The following aims and objectives were designed to accomplish this study:
 What is the importance of construction in the modern world from the
perspective of the economy?
 What is the importance of construction for the economy of developing
countries?
 How does the economy of developing countries impact by the construction
industry, in comparison to the developed countries?
 How the technological advancements have been changing the construction
industry?
 What is the importance of ecological construction?
RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY
Research philosophies are one of the most important aspects of the research which focuses on
analyzing the human behavior. Collis and Hussey (2003) The researcher needs to focus on
interpretivism or inductive approach while doing the research. There are basically three core
traditions that are needed to be followed by the researcher while making the research. These
includes positivism which is based on physical sciences, Interpretive which is based on social
sciences and transformative which is based on feminist research.(Scapens 1990),
Interpretivism research is an anti-positivist approach, this is the research where the researcher
focuses on interpreting the research and then adding meaning to the particular thing so as to
have the result. This is the research that is used when the research is indefinable. In this
research the researcher will focus on making different theories and focusing on contributing
making different inferences or theories rather than testing theory. The main base of this
research will be based on understanding rather than on explanation of a particular research.
Their main focus is on understanding rather than focusing on making a casual relationship in
the social world. It does not have a single base rather it has different or multiple realities. The
main purpose of interpretive study is to focus on fostering the understanding for the same.
The interpretive theorist attempts to focus on discovering the meaning of different events that
are likely to take place in a specific social context.
RESEARCH APPROACH
It is important to determine the way that the research will be conducted and the method that
will be used for conducting the particular research. Saunders et al (2007) through a proper
research approach the researcher is able answer the research question appropriately and
analyzes the data accordingly so that proper research is made. The researcher also takes into
consideration literature review which forms the base for conducting the research. The
research that is conducted by the researcher includes quantitative as well as qualitative
research. Quantitative research is known as deductive approach whereas qualitative research
is known as inductive approach. Both these researches are important as they help in analyzing
the particular problem.
Quantitative research focuses on collecting primary data, whereas the qualitative research
focuses on bringing into picture different theories that helps in supporting the primary data
collected and analyzing the data accurately. Qualitative research also helps in building the
insight for the research as well as helps in designing different patterns for the research. In this...