Answer To: NUM2409 Adult Health 2 – Assessment 2 Case study presentation Sem XXXXXXXXXXCase Study 1 – Benign...
Popi answered on Sep 30 2021
Case study1: BPH and PD 6
Case study1: BPH and PD
Table of contents
Introduction 3
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of BPH 3
Pharmacology and medication 5
Specific nursing care 6
Critical thinking and discussion 7
Conclusion 8
Reference 9
Introduction
The given case study is revealing a specific situation of a patient Peter Stacy of age 76years who has been admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a persistent urge to void. It has been stated that the patient had a provisional diagnosis of urinary retention along with a possible urinary tract infection. The past medical history of the patient is explaining that the patient had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 4.5years ago. It has also been noticed that the patient is facing problems while walking around the ward. From the observational data, it can be seen that the blood pressure of the patient is 106/54 mmHg and the heart rate is 92 BPM. The body temperature has been observed 37°C and the respiratory rate is 19beats per minute. Medical reports of the patient tell that the patient has been diagnosed with a digital rectal examination of BPH three months ago.
This particular assessment deals with the real-life scenario to enhance the knowledge of any specific disease pathophysiology and the diagnosis process. This study also helps in judging the decision making ability of a nurse along with the enlargement of the overall idea of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention into the health care study.
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can be defined as a proliferation of the cellular molecule of the prostate that results in the enlargement of the prostate and blockage of the bladder outlet (McAuley, et al., 2017). The human prostate is divided into three major histological or biological distinct parts such as central, transitional, and peripheral (Alves, et al., 2018). A patient can face obstruction in the bladder outlet or any other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to prostatic hyperplasia. It has been estimated that more than 50% of the male population above age 60 faces the problems of BPH worldwide (Lee, & Kuo, 2017). Hypersensitivity of the bladder along with the prostatic obstruction, urethral sphincter dysfunction, etc. can be the major symptoms of it (Sakakibara, et al., 2018). Nowadays a variety of medical treatments are widely available to treat BPH. Mostly all targets diminish the bladder outlet obstruction in case of reducing the prostate volume (Fusco, et al., 2018). By reducing the tension of the smooth muscle of the prostate, the urinary blockage can also be treated (Yu, et al., 2019).
According to the given scenario, it can be seen that the patient has an emergency situation of the lower abdominal pain along with a urinary tract infection and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The observational data of the patient tells the critical condition of the health. The blood pressure (BP) of the patient is 106/54 mmHg that indicates a very lower level of BP. The resting heart rate and the body temperature and respiratory rate of the patient have been detected in a normal range. In the general observational phase, the patient has been marked with bradykinesia and a stooped posture while waking into the ward. As the patient has a medical history of Parkinson's disease, this current physical appearance of the patient is being considered as quite a sensitive issue. PSA level has been observed 10ng/ml. This indicates that there is a 25% chance that the patient is having prostate cancer (Vukovic, et al., 2017). Here in this case the diagnosis process is needed to be adopted after judging the overall physical situation of the patient. As the patient already had an issue of BPH and having a three months history of the digital rectal examination, hence it can be predicted that the urinary retention and risk of UTI may be caused by it. The enlargement of the prostate volume has been considered as age-related stuff nowadays (Trayssac, Hannun, & Obeid, 2018). The urinary retention can be considered as a life-threatening outcome of the BPH and this urinary retention is directly related to the prostate volume (De Nunzio, et al., 2020). Here the reduction of the prostate volume by using necessary inhibitors or any other way is the only way to reduce the risk of this urinary retention (Mendez, et al., 2020).
Pharmacology and medication
The patient has been prescribed numerous numbers of medical instructions. The patient has been prescribed with the drug prazosin 1mg twice daily. This drug generally uses for regulating blood pressure apart from that this drug also belongs to the medication process of alpha-blockers (Assad Kahn, et al., 2016). It helps in relaxing the blood vessels as well as the prostate and neck muscles. Another drug that has been prescribed to the patient is selegiline 5mg twice daily. This drug generally increases the amount of dopamine in the brain and helps in controlling the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) (Chiriță, et al., 2019). Sinemet CR (25mg carbidopa / 100mg Levodopa) TDS is also being included in the medication chart of the patient. This drug also reduces the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (Motz, et al., 2020). As the patient has already a history of Parkinson’s disease and currently a few symptoms are also being arisen in the patient’s physical activity hence those drugs are the best precautionary mechanism in this case (Edwards, et al., 2016). Those currently prescribed medicines help Peter to...