Paulette Morris ThursdayJun 23 at 10:25pmManage Discussion Entry Briefly Describe Narrative, Phenomenological and Grounded Theory designs Phenomenology: Phenomenological qualitative research focuses...

Paulette Morris

Briefly Describe Narrative, Phenomenological and Grounded Theory designs

Phenomenology:Phenomenological qualitative research focuses on making sense of and describing the universal essences of a particular phenomenon. The researcher investigates the everyday lived experiences of the participants and can have two to four participants or as many as ten to fifteen. The phenomenon is observed, and the researcher often participates in the experiences (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The data is descriptive and derives from the information shared by the individuals sharing the experiences and the information is obtained through two approaches interpretive or descriptive and uses a criterion sampling method (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The idea of phenomenological research is to describe the common traits that are present in the experiences of the individuals. The research is used to identify and highlight specific phenomena and to develop an understanding of the way the phenomenon is experienced through the lives of the participants in the research.

Grounded Theory:Grounded Theory is a research method that concentrates on generating theory grounded on systematically collected and analyzed data. It is a research theory that is used to study the processes, actions, and interactions with the idea of developing theories for substantiated issues experienced by individuals. It is used to uncover social processes such as group behaviors and social relationships (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The grounded theory methodology entails collecting and analyzing data to construct hypotheses and theories. The grounded theory relies upon an iterative process for recruitment of participants using theoretical sampling which includes continuous recruitment and various interviews with new and previous participants while analyzing data. (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The explanation of the phenomenon being researched is expanded through the identification of key elements following with the categorization of the relationship between the elements to the context and process. There is a large sample of participants because new participants are used to gathering new data and the data is solely based on a theory of some kind.

Narrative Research:Narrative focuses on studying the experiences of individuals or groups of individuals through the telling of stories. The narrative research approach is predominately used in social sciences. The story becomes the object of the research study and concentrates on how an individual or group of individuals make sense of the events or actions that occur in their lives (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The collection and analysis of the accounts told by the individuals is used as a description of the experiences and offers an interpretation. The narrative method allows researchers to examine various types of data using a variety of methods for analysis.The researcher can explore the linguistic, social, cultural, familial, and institutional experiences of individuals and the way they are shaped, constituted, expressed, and enacted. Narrative research is an approach where the participants tell a story (Creswell & Poth, 2017).The stories are those that are lived by individuals or groups of individuals. The individuals or groups tell their stories from their perspectives describing the story from the way in which they have lived it over time, in various contexts, and through relationships that may have previously developed or are currently developing

Why Each May or May Not Be Appropriate as a Design in Studying My Specific Topic.

My topic focuses on kindergarten readiness and how young children are not being prepared to enter kindergarten based on the mandated benchmarks set forth by early learning standards and the new common core curriculum. The state of Illinois has made kindergarten entry mandatory by the age of five in April of 2022. The new mandate means that all children must be enrolled in school by five years of age. With this new mandate, it is important to understand if the curriculum used in pre-kindergarten, preschool, or Head Start programs aligns to the benchmarks set forth for children upon entering kindergarten and the common core curriculum they will become acquainted with when entering kindergarten for the first time. With this being the focus. Any one of the three approaches would feasibly fit the research because each will allow the questions to be asked that are necessary to determine if the curriculums or instruction is aligned in both pre-kindergarten and kindergarten programs.

The phenomenological approach can be used because it will allow the understanding of the essence of the teacher’s perception in terms of their ideas regarding the issues with the curriculum in both programs and how they perceive the alignment of the curricula and they can share ideas and suggestions on ways to make sure that the children are receiving the appropriate academic skills necessary for alignment. The phenological approach to research focuses on the experiences of the individual based on lived experiences (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The use of the phenological method will examine the perceptions of those that have lived the experience and data will be descriptive of the perceptions and experiences of the educators.

In education, the use of phenological research focuses on the individual knowledge, values, opinions, and understanding of the individuals as they perceive it and in this case, the research will examine their individual knowledge, values, beliefs, and perceptions pertaining to the stated curriculum (Moen & Middelthon, 2015). The use of phenomenological research can be used to describe the teachers’ perceptions of the topic being studied in the research. Utilizing a phenomenological research approach can allow the questions of the research to be answered based on the perceptions of the teachers who have experienced working with children that may or may not appear to be ready when they enter kindergarten and those that may feel that the instruction is provided in the pre-kindergarten programs is not a match for the benchmarks that are required for young children entering kindergarten.

Narrative research originated from literature, history, anthropology, sociology, sociolinguistics, and education. A narrative story can be used to collect different forms of data such as interviews, which can serve as the primary data collection method but can also include documents, observations, and other types of qualitative data ( & Middelthon, 2015). The topic being studied can be examined using an oral history which will consist of gathering data based on the personal reflections of the events and the causes and effects of one individual or several individuals. Narrative studies may have a specific contextual focus, such as stories told by teachers or children in classrooms (Creswell & Poth, 2017). In the case of the topic, the event will be the way that children are prepared or not prepared to enter kindergarten based on the alignment of the curricula used in the pre-kindergarten and kindergarten programs, This information can be obtained from one educator or more than one.

Grounded Theory may be used to research the topic of research because grounded theory allows the development of theory to be generated. It is popular in fields such as education, nursing, sociology, and psychology. It is a suitable research methodology for learning-related research because it provides an explanation of social processes such as learning in complex real-world contexts such as schools and work environments where there is a multitude of factors that occur simultaneously (Bytheway, 2018). The grounded theory does not seek to impose preconceived notions of the researcher into the research but explores and explains the perspectives and perceptions of the participants through empirical fieldwork (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The Grounded Theory entails empirical fieldwork which employs an inductive approach to manufacture theories that are grounded in real-world complexities.

The data is not altered in any way to fit a preconceived notion and researchers identify theoretical concepts significant to the topic being studied by acknowledging their own experiences and challenging biases they may hold. There is no theoretical framework identifiable at the beginning of the research or that is applicable to the study (Bytheway, 2018). The use of grounded research will allow the topic to be studied and data to emerge based on the information that is theoretically relevant deriving from the perspectives of the educators participating in the study.

References

Bytheway, J. (2018). Using Grounded Theory to explore learners' perspectives of workplace learning.International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning,19(3), 249-259.

Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed).
https://redshelf.com(Links to an external site.)

Moen, K., & Middelthon, A. L. (2015). Qualitative research methods.Research in medical and biological sciences321-378. Academic Press.

Victoria Yates

Based on your research interest, briefly describe Narrative, Phenomenological and Grounded Theory designs and why each may or may not be appropriate as a design in studying your specific topic. Provide support from the literature within your discussion.

Like it states in
Digital Resource
Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed).

Narrative: "Narrative research has many forms, uses a variety of analytic practices, and is rooted in different social and humanities disciplines (Daiute & Lightfoot, 2004)."

I feel like the narrative for would fit best with my research because it goes off the social and humanities of retention in customer service. This allows the person to give their opinions in the business at hand and what they feel is good or bad in job satisfaction.

Phenomenological:"Whereas a narrative study reports the stories of experiences of a single individual or several individuals, a phenomenological study describes the common meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon. Phenomenologists focus on describing what all participants have in common as they experience a phenomenon (e.g., grief is universally experienced). The basic purpose of phenomenology is to reduce individual experiences with a phenomenon to a description of the universal essence (a “grasp of the very nature of the thing,” van Manen, 1990, p. 177). To this end, qualitative researchers identify a phenomenon, an “object” of human experience (van Manen, 1990, p. 163). Recently van Manen (2014) describes phenomenological research as beginning “with wonder at what gives itself and how something gives itself."

The phenomenological theory would also work because it “describes the common meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon”

Grounded theory:

"While narrative research focuses on individual stories told by participants and phenomenology emphasizes the common experiences for a number of individuals, the intent of a grounded theory study is to move beyond description and to generate or discover a theory, a “unified theoretical explanation” (Corbin & Strauss, 2007, p. 107) for a process or an action. Participants in the study would all have experienced the process, and the development of the theory might help explain practice or provide a framework for further research. A key idea is that this theory development does not come “off the shelf” but rather is generated or “grounded” in data from participants who have experienced the process (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Thus, grounded theory is a qualitative research design in which the inquirer generates a general explanation (a theory) of a process, an action, or an interaction shaped by the views of a large number of participants."

This theory could also work because it emphasizes on common experiences so when people have the same idea of the business with retention and job satisfaction it could work more so in my research.

References:

Digital Resource
Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed). Retrieved from https://redshelf.com

Renalta Smith

Sobased on my research interest, Narrative, Phenomenological, and Grounded Theory designs may or may not be appropriate as a design in studying my specific topic. Narrative gets focused on telling a story about one individual, and my research gets focused on the effects of aftercare support for many troubled teens leaving a therapeutic setting. The Phenomenological theory does focus on a bigger group of individuals and what they all have in common, yet everyone has different experiences and what is seen as successful for one person is different for the next individual. So the phenomenological emphasizes several individuals' everyday experiences, yet everyone experiences things differently. The grounded theory follows specific steps that differ from my research study. The grounded theory is a theory seen as a last resort(Creswell., 2017). The grounded theory focuses on information that has been collected and analyzed. Grounded theory gets used to uncover something where my research study is trying to make people aware of how aftercare support would benefit troubled teens reentering back into the community.

Thanks

Reference

Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed). Retrieved from https://redshelf.com