Physics 605 Lens and Mirror Lab new.docx
Physics Module 6 605 Lens and Mirror Lab 50 Points Purpose: To study the formation of an image formed by light passing through a convex lens and light reflecting off of a concave mirror. Materials: Virtual simulation in lesson 6.05, page 1, Part C View prelab video: http://safeshare.tv/v/LKNWEl6hQ7E Procedure: 1. Make a copy of this file into your Google drive 2. Collect data from the supplied graphics by clicking the links for each trial A. Convex Lens B. Concave Mirror 3. Complete your table 1 and table 2. Compare the results, answer the analysis questions and conclusion. 4. Download your file, to your computer, save it into your Physics folder and submit for grading Data collection: (1 point ea.) Table 1: Convex Lens with ten cm focal distance (f = 10cm) Trial # do di Image Characteristics (cm) (cm) Size of image compared to object Smaller Larger or Same Size Image Orientation Upright or Inverted Image Type Real or Virtual Trial 1 30.0 Trial 2 20.0 Trial 3 15.0 Trial 4 6.5 Trial 5 5.0 Data collection cont’d: (1 point ea.) Table 2: Concave Mirror with f = 10cm. Trial # do di Image Characteristics (cm) (cm) Size of image compared to object Smaller Larger or Same Size Image Orientation Upright or Inverted Image Type Real or Virtual Trial 1 30.0 Trial 2 20.0 Trial 3 15.0 Trial 4 6.5 Trial 5 5.0 Analysis/Conclusion Questions: 1. Describe using physics vocabulary, where a magnifying glass should be placed in order to produce magnification, a larger image. Use trials from the lab to support your description. At least 5 sentences.(5 points) 2. Summarize the common relationship between convex lens and concave mirror in relation to their image characteristics. At least 3 sentences. (5 points) o = do (distance object); i = di (distance image); f = f (focal length); M =magnification Magnification It means image is M = 1 The image is the same size as the object. M < 1="" the="" image="" is="" smaller="" than="" the="" object.="" m=""> 1 The image is larger than the object. M = + The image is upright. M = – The image is inverted. Convex Lens Trial 1 back to table 1 Concave Mirror Trial 1 back to table 2 Convex Lens Trial 2 back to table 1 Concave Mirror Trial 2 back to table 2 Convex Lens Trial 3 back to table 1 Concave Mirror Trial 3 back to table 2 Convex Lens Trial 4 back to table 1 Concave Mirror Trial 4 back to table 2 Convex Lens Trial 5 back to table 1 Concave Mirror Trial 5 back to table 2 Physics Module 6 601 Pendulum Lab 30 Points Purpose: To explore the variables that affect the period of a pendulum. Materials: Virtual simulation in lesson 6.01, page 3 View the demo. Collect data from this video Graphing tutorial for Google SheetsPendulum equation: y = kx^½ PART 1. Use the demo. Hypothesis: Before you do the next steps in the procedure, predict what will happen to the swing time if you construct a pendulum with the same length, but with more mass as the bob, wider amplitude or different lengths. · Fill the blanks with what you feel is appropriate (increased or decreased). Table 1 : Hypothesis (1.5 pts) Mass If mass is increased, the period of the pendulum will __ Amplitude If amplitude is increased, the period of the pendulum will __ Length If length is increased, the period of the pendulum will __ Test each variable and state your observations (1.5 pts) View the demo. 1. As the mass was increased, the period of the pendulum _________. 2. As the amplitude was increased, the period of the pendulum ______. 3. As the length was increased, the period of the pendulum _________. Procedure: 1. Choose five different rod lengths between 0.5 and 2.0 meters. 2. Ensure damping is set to 0, starting angle is 10°, gravity is 9.8 m/s2, and mass of ball is 250 g. Set the stop time at 60 s. 3. Run the simulation by pressing the play button and measure the time for 10 complete swings of the pendulum, then press pause. For L=0.50 m, the time should be around 14.3 seconds 4. Calculate the time for one swing of the pendulum. The answer should be 1.43 s. 5. Enter the data in table 2. Alternatively you can collect data from this video Don’t forget to add the value (0,0) to your data table below. Make sure to have column headers, and select them along with the data, when inserting the chart. The graph is NOT LINEAR, make sure to make the adjustments to obtain the equation of “best fit”. As explained visually in the graphing visual for Google Sheets PART 2 Table 2: Length Data (10 pts) Length (m) Period (s) 0 0 Graph (6 pts) Use Google sheets to graph your data, and insert the screen shot of the graph. Be sure to follow your graphing rubric (variables, labels, title, scale, plots and graph line) and use this graphing tutorial for help graphing in Google sheets) As explained visually in the graphing tutorial and graphing visual: Choose "Series" from the Chart Editor>Customize menu>Series>Check Trendline>Choose “Power Series”. Choose “label”>”use equation”. {Insert Graph here} Analysis and Conclusion Questions (9pts): 1. What type of relationship is present between T and L? (linear, parabolic, hyperbolic) (3 pts) 2. The pendulum equation is: T = 2π sqrt (L/ g) where, g = 9.81 m/s2 Use the pendulum equation to calculate L if the period T = 1.0s? Show your calculations (3pts) Given Unknown Equation Substitute Solve 3. Use the pendulum equation to calculate the period of a 1.50 m pendulum. Show your calculations. (3pts) Givens Unknown Equation T = 2π sqrt (L/ g) Substitute Solve 4. The following data has been gathered by another lab group. Analyze the data using your graph as the template. Can you detect an experimental error in the group's data? (2pts) Here is the data in a spreadsheet, graphed and fitted. Length (m) Period (s) 0.80 0.94 0.60 0.78 0.50 0.75 0.30 0.56 0.10 0.38 0 0 Physics Module 6 606 Snell’s Law Lab 24 Points Purpose: To determine the index of refraction of unknown “stolen” materials and identify each material to determine “Who stole the diamonds!” using Snell’s Law Background: For any light that is traveling from one medium of index of refraction n1, at angle of incidence θ1, to another medium of index of refraction n2, Snell’s law of refraction describes the angle of refraction, θ2, experienced by the light. n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 index of refraction = n1 angle of incidence = θ1 index of refraction = n2 angle of refraction = θ2 For air, the index of refraction is equal to 1, because the speed of light in air is nearly equal to the speed of light in a vacuum. Whenever air is the medium of incidence of the light, Snell’s law can be simplified. n2 = sin θ1/ sin θ2 Light travels at different speeds in different media. As light passes at an angle from one medium to another, it changes direction at the boundary between the two media. The index of refraction of a medium, n, is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, to its speed in the substance, v. n = c/v n = index of refraction c = speed of light in a vacuum = 3.10^8 m/s v = speed in a different medium When light enters a medium with a higher index of refraction than the medium it is leaving, it bends toward the normal. When light enters a medium with a lower index of refraction than the medium it is leaving, it bends away from the normal. This change of direction of light at the boundary of two media is called refraction. Materials: Use the pictures below to collect the results into the data table Procedure: Watch 6.06 Step by Step Tutorial, if needed or this tutorial for the PhEt simulation 1. Collect data for the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction from the given evidence files for each suspect and trial. 2. Calculate the index of refraction for medium 2 (n2) for each suspect for each trial, using Snell’s law. 3. Use the index table to determine the unknown materials for each suspect 4. Using the chart below of various indices of refraction for various media, identify your mystery material you had in your experiment. Data: (0.5 points ea.) Trial Angle 1 θ1 (degrees) Angle 2 θ2 (degrees) Sine of the angle Sin θ1 Sine of the angle Sin θ2 n2 = sin θ1/sin θ2 (show your work here) Identify Mistery Material (using table below) 1 60 26.81 0.866 2 3 4 5 6 Scroll down to answer the analysis questions and conclusion Materials: Use these pictures to collect the results into the data table Analysis questions: (2 points ea.) Use this tutorial for the PhEt simulation 1. Which way does light bend when traveling from air to glass? (Toward the normal, away from the normal or it does not bend). Please write in your answer and explain your reasoning