please do lab report for the file name Physics 316 lab
How to write a lab report: There are nine parts to a lab report. Listed in the order that they appear in the lab report, they are: Title page, Purpose, Apparatus, Procedure, Theory, Data, and Analysis of data, Conclusion, and Raw data sheet. Each of these sections is important, and a lab report is considered incomplete without them all. If you need help with any of this ask question. Here is what each of them should cover. Title Page, 1 point The title page contains the name of the experiment that you performed and your name First warning: Students who submit another person's work and passes it off as his own (plagiarism) will receive a zero (0) for the lab report. This action can lead to dismissal from the class, and in some cases, dismissal from the university. This policy is explained in the university catalog. In cases dealing with plagiarism, no "makeup" work will be accepted. Purpose, 3 points Simply stated, what it is that you are trying to find out? The experiments have a stated purpose in the lab manual. Take the stated purpose, put it in your own words, and present it in the report. Apparatus, 3 points A cookbook style list of the items you used to perform the experiment. Theory, 5 points This section should include the formulas relevant to the experiment and a brief statement explaining why they are relevant. Anytime you write an equation, make sure that you define all your terms. You will NOT be expected to derive the formulas for standard deviation or the method of least squares. You are expected to present them in the theory section, if needed, and identify each of the variables in the formulas, and explain what they mean. Check your physics text or your T.A. if you need help with the theory. Procedure, 15 points This section is a list of instructions on how you did the experiment. It should be thorough enough so that another lab student could perform the experiment using your procedure section (like the instructions found in a cookbook). If your procedure for the experiment was thorough and straightforward, you can expect 15 points. Data tables, an easy 10 points A copy of the raw data taken in the lab, only this time presented in table form. The data table should be organized with the appropriate titles and units on each of the columns. Neatness counts! A neat raw data sheet can be used here. The raw data must be recorded in permanent ink. This original data sheet must be included in the report that you turn in. Analysis of data, 20-40 points total Here is where we start to get into the meat of the lab report. The analysis of data section is made up of four different parts. In the first part, Calculations (10 points), you should present a sample calculation for each computation that you did. If you took five sets of six measurements each, and then did an average on these six measurements, you would be expected to show how you got the average and standard deviation for one set in detail. After which, you could just present the average and standard deviation of the other five. This allows you to present your analysis of the data without getting bogged down in calculations. The second part, Awareness of uncertainties (10 points), deals with how you present the results of the calculations, and the uncertainties associated with those calculations. If the first doubtful digit is in the one's place, don't bother stating your result to six digits to the right of the decimal. The lab manual has more on this, so do the books on reserve in the library. Again, if you need help ask. The third part, Graphs (10 points each), are not required for all labs reports. Graphs should be done on a spreadsheets only. Graphs should have a title, the X and Y axis should be clearly labeled (3 points total). The X and Y axes should have a scale so that the data is not all bunched up in the corner and the units should make physical sense (2 points total). The equation of the least square fit to the data should be written in a prominent place. Graphs are important, and spend some time looking at and thinking about what the graph is telling you. Trends in the data can be easily noticed on a graph. Again, the slope, X and Y intercepts are important items and should be paid close attention to; they often are what you are looking for. If you use a spreadsheet, make sure you turn the “connect the dots” option off (no lines connecting the points, “markers” only!). The Conclusion (20 points), MUST directly address your stated Purpose. This is done by restating your final results with the associated uncertainties and relating them to your stated purpose at the start of the lab report. After you have tied your results to your purpose, then you are free to discuss other problems you experienced in carrying out the experiment. Did anything unexpected turn up in the analysis? If you were to repeat the experiment over, what would you do differently? If you measured one thing two ways, did the results overlap? What where the largest sources of error and how did you minimize their effect? These are the kinds of things we want you to be aware of and look for. Microsoft Word - Lab1_Lab2_316_spring_2021.docx Lab Section #1 Electric Field & Potential The purpose of this lab is to determine how does an electric filed look like in different cases and the relationship present between the strength of an electric field, the distance of a body from the center of that field and the charge of the body. Background An electric field is the effect produced by the existence of an electric charge, such as an electron, ion, or proton, in the volume of space or medium that surrounds it. Another charge placed in the volume of space surrounding the “source” charge has a force exerted on it. The electric force applied by two charges on each other can be obtained from Coulomb’s law: Part A Go to https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-and-fields_en.html See equipotential sensor V/m, voltage sensor, grid, charges with an absolute value of 1 nC and tape measure. 1)First you have to see how does electric field will look like in the case if you put negative charge away. Sketch an electric field between two charges: Now We will use only positive charge in this experiment. To determine the relationship between the strength of an electric field and the distance of a charged body away from that field, one positive charge was placed onto the grid. Then a e-field sensor horizontally aligned with the positive charge at varying distances. One positive charge, use your sensor V/m (yellow dot) to find out the V/m vs distance. You have to use distance sensor or use grid to find distance. Table 1: Distance V/m 0 0.2 m 0.4 m 0.6 m 0.8 m 1 m 1)Draw excel spreadsheet graph of V/m vs distance. Attach it with this lab. 2)What type of relationship do you observe? 3) Why does it look this way? (physics formula) 2) Now you have to put another positive charge on top of the first and see how the V/m changes as you add more and more charges. You have to stay at 1 m away from the positive charge and measure V/m as you put more and more positive charge on top of the first charge Total charge V/m 1 nC 2 nC 3 nC 4 nC 5nC Make an excel graph of V/m vs number of charge. Attach graph 1) What type of relationship do you observe? 2) Explain do why you observe this type of relationship? Part B 1) Create parallel plates with those charges like: How does the electrical field look like in this case Sketch lines: 2)Create two charged circles similar to: (try to create charged circles that are better than mine, and blue (negative) more in the middle ) We are trying to mimic case of cylindrical symmetry like this: Make a screenshot of your nice charged circles 1) How much the voltage should be in the blue circle or inner circle? 2) What is it you case? Are there are any differencies? try to explain why 3) How much voltage should be outside of the positive circle? 4) What is it in you case? Try to measure V as you change radial distance. You have to use grid as distance. You have also to find radius of the inner blue circle( ra)____________ Radial distance V 0.05 m 0.1m 0.15m 0.2 m Plot the average potential difference against radial distance. Draw a smooth curve that approximates the data points. The theoretical relationship between V and r for the geometry is given by V (r) − V (ra) = constant × ln(r/ra) (1) where the constant is proportional to the potential difference between the electrodes. B. Semi-Log Plot If V is plotted against loge(r), a linear plot should be obtained. Semi-log graph paper has markings along one axis whose distance is proportional to the log10(x), where values of x between 1 and 10 appear on that axis. This means that you do not have to calculate logarithms. V is plotted along the linear axis. Plot your data for V vs. r. Do the data confirm the form of equation (1)? Draw the best straight line that fits the data. What is the slope of the this data equals to?