Please follow instructions has mentioned BSc. Undergraduate Research Module NUR5021 Integrated Evidence-Based Professional Nursing Practice September 2019 cohort Summative Research Assessment ...

Summative Research Assessment 12
Summative Research Assessment
    Integrated Evidence-Based Professional Nursing Practice
    
Section 1- Question and Answer
1. Yes, the paper aims to analyze the differences in attitude, knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the undergraduate student nurses in their Second and third academic years. The results of the study would be used to provide training, education and support to the subsequent students and to develop educational resources, of course keeping in mind the fact that results would be changed if necessary to make them aligned with the delivery of hand hygiene training for the preregistered nursing students. This study is of particular interest for the nursing students of second and third year. The nursing students, who are willing to know about the role and responsibilities of nursing, would be given same education and training through same educational content of lectures, self-directed learning, clinical skills and tutorials. Their responses were collected through a questionnaire-based survey. Questionnaires are good to assess the opinions, preferences, behaviors and attitudes of large number of people in faster time limit (Ponto, 2015). Same set of questions was put before both the groups of students. For improving the response rate and increasing student engagement, turning point system was used. The students provided their written informed consent and agreement that the results generated through the study may be used for the purpose of publication. The article emphasized on the role of early intervention in the learning and education of nursing students. Effective knowledge may be incorporated in the practical implementation of the nursing practices to facilitate control and prevention of infections.
2. The set of sequentially arranged methods used for specific research and studies are considered as methodology section. Based on the nature of the research, the data collection and data processing for information, variety of methods are observed. The use of survey, based on questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in this study. Surveys are effective in collecting large set of information in shorter time span (Phillips, 2017). With the use of survey questionnaire, primary data would be collected although the assessment of the data would be based on the majority and minority of the response percentages; therefore, it is evidently quantitative research.
The questionnaire included 9 questions which were same for both groups of students. The questions were related to attitude, knowledge and awareness. The questions were mainly based on problems which generally cause noncompliance and uncertainty to hand hygiene. The response format for each question was in either Yes/No or a Likert scale. This methodology is appropriate for comparing the skills and knowledge of two groups. The students could submit their responses to each question through a poll using their keypad. The turning point system used in the study is interactive and effective way to collect data through real time responses of audiences. All the students were provided same education sources and training in addition to Cleanliness Champion Program (CCP) which focused on hand hygiene and promotes adherence to infection control measures. The surveys are effective way to obtain the personal opinion of participants and identify the student’s beliefs related to certain practice and noncompliance. The surveys can be very useful in analyzing the programs and their effectiveness in practical implementation.
3. After reviewing the work of Kennedy and Burnett, hand hygiene is a primary occasion for the care providers and nurses. Taking this into consideration, fourth-year students were poorer performers in hand hygiene than the third and second year. Though there are strict guidelines from WHO, the students seemed confused in recognizing the opportunities of hand wash using 5 moments. The five moments are – prior to touching any patient, prior to performing any clinical procedures, post their exposure any body fluids, after they finish touching the patients and after they complete their touching of anything in the environment of patients (World Health Organization, 2020). Mostly they used to wash hands before contacting the patients (Moment No. 5). However, the hand wash practice was not attempted strictly during other moments of everyday activities. The students also give less preference to the hand drying practice. In fact, they are more educated about hand wetting, six step process and soap application in the guidelines. The students also seem uncertain about answering the questions which included link between hand hygiene process and when to use alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs). Also, there was limited awareness about potential factors associated to nosocomial infections and the role of hand hygiene in managing the infection of C.difficile. In certain cases, the nurses were unaware of the guidelines, lack of time, and higher load of work and shortage of scientific knowledge about importance of adapting hand hygiene in practice. Sometimes they think that using gloves is adequate reason for noncompliance with hand hygiene.
4. The second- and third-year nursing students in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee were included in the study. The students studying in second and third year of undergraduate nursing courses were included in the study. 75 second year students and 104 third year students were given the same set of questions, using random probability sampling technique. Each of the student submitted voluntary informed consent in written form for using the study outcomes in publications. The responses of the students were collected using interactive turning point system technology. The participants in this technology connect with the speakers using intuitive software for polling and real time response devices. The instructors may ask questions in an interactive manner, track the progress of participating students and may receive immediate responses from the students (University of Houston, 2020).On the basis of student responses, the instructors may find out student’s level of knowledge. Differences between the knowledge and skills of both the groups were evaluated using the descriptive statistics. The students were informed about the usage of their responses and they have given their consent prior the proceeding of the survey questionnaire. The consent approval informing of the fact that their data will be used for research purposes only, will be published for readers and would not be manipulated. The data and the respondents’ privacy and dignity would also be considered important.
5. The WHO’s five moments of hand hygiene list the occasions when the care providers and nurses need to wash or clean their hands. The five moments are – prior to touching any patient, prior to performing any clinical procedures, post their exposure any body fluids, after they finish touching the patients and after they complete their touching of anything in the environment of...