please make this assessment excellent. 10-12 references in list and put intext references after every 4th line. References style should be APA 7th edition and please choose peer reviewed articles no more than five years old.
Assessment Description: In this assignment students are required to prepare a case study. The case study must be on a specific diversity group in the Australian community. The case study will examine their specific needs, the history this group has endured, the obstacles that exist for this group to access care and services and the opportunities available for accessing the needed services. The case study will also explore the role of community services and the specific skills and knowledge set required to competently provision this group. Specifically, the case study is to include: An introduction about the diversity group focused on in the case study A discussion as to what this group has endured historically, socially and politically A brief review of current literature on the group and their respective issues An investigation of the obstacles that exist for this group when accessing care and services and the opportunities that exist for this group to be supported through the community The discussion should address the skills and knowledge set needed to develop culturally competent services and practices for working with this group. You will need to include an overview of the community services available for this group and the role and function of these services. You must draw on current literature and integrate relevant theory into your discussion. Case studies and examples are encouraged. Marking Criteria Max. in category Focus & discussion overviews the diversity group, provides discussion as to what this group has endured historically, socially and politically 10 Discussion: Thorough analysis of the obstacles and opportunities available to this group through care services 10 Demonstrated awareness of the skills and knowledge required to provide culturally competent services to this group 10 Links to theory: research demonstrates understanding and critical engagement with sociological theory and concepts 10 Justification: argument based on appropriate evidence and is fully referenced 10 Total 50 Assessment Sample Australia is one of the highest refugee acceptancy for approximately more than 25,000 South Sudanese forced migrants due to civil war. Where most arrived in Australia between 2003 to 2007, after being accepted for resettlement by the Australian Government through facing a challenge of requesting for resettlement since migrating to Australia from 1990s from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Many Sudanese refugees have gone through traumatic and life-threatening experiences before fleeing from their country therefore, it can be difficult for them to resettle in Australia. Sudanese in Australia face various issues such as psychology, sociology and education, these issues affect the Sudanese community is the result of their resettlement in Western culture as they were placed in a society with an individualistic culture. In which affected the family and cultural preservation such as a collectivist. There is a significant cultural gap between Sudanese and Australian culture such as the Australian individualistic culture values, independence, greater equality and privacy. On the other hand, Sudanese culture is collectivistic where it is more likely to conformity, loyalty, belonging and interdependence. As a result of cultural differences Sudanese refugees are confronted with various challenges and opportunities due to resettlement in a new country and culture. This study will review the current literature of Sudanese refugee group and issues they face, exploring the barriers that exist for Sudanese refugees to access healthcare and services in regard to their health and wellbeing. Opportunities that exists for accessing needed services additionally, considering the specific skills and knowledge that is required to competently provide effective services for Sudanese refugees. Current Literature Sudan’s civil war began after the independence from the joint British Egyptian administration in 1956 to 1972. However, a second civil war broke out in 1983 to 2005 in which Sudan experienced major deprivations as a result of long periods of drought in 1980s and 1990s. Due to the war and famine is has been estimated to cause two million deaths and four million people to be displaced. Numerous Sudanese refugees fled to Australia to resettle, in 2001 according to the census record it has been found that 4,910 Sudanese refugees arrived in Australia. More than 98% arrived under the Humanitarian Program, the arrival had climaxed between 2002 and 2007. Common difficulties that Sudanese refugee experienced when resettling in Australia include apprehensions about family members not being able to arrive in Australia, gaining employment and adjusting to the cultural life in Australia. There is a policy for refugees to be able to access to healthcare in Australia by applying for a refugee/protection status and those who appeal against a negative decision on their status are eligible to access publicly funded health and disability services in Australia. In which includes subsidised pharmaceuticals; however, they are not eligible for public services if their claim for a refugee status is unsuccessful or their appeal fails to be forwarded. Therefore, there is a small number of Sudanese refugees who are unsuccessful to access healthcare services. Sudanese refugees do not receive aid to enrol with a GP, in Australia there is a difference to accessing Medicare, health services, support and work rights for Sudanese refugees in which depends on their type of visa, visa status, time of arrival and detention statuses. All permanent residents, including Sudanese refugees who are currently under Humanitarian permanent visa holders have access to Medicare, Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) access and work rights. Therefore, they are able to access a whole range of health services across Australia including healthcare cards. They need to meet all eligible conditions. Sudanese refugees with low English literacy are able to access 510 hours of English language tuition in which they are taught basic English to accommodate to the new culture. Sudanese refugee arrivals receive a great level of support from settlement services that provides assistance to access to housing, healthcare services, education as well as helping them to familiarise the local community. Barriers The experience to access to healthcare services is an important factor for improving others health, having access has been found to be increase overall health. It is a key factor for refugees as it can help them transition into the western society and employment. However, evidence shows that Sudanese refugee health status are reducing after their settlement in Australia. Accessing care and services is beyond an individual’s problem as reoccurring issues indicate that language, cultural differences and communication affect all healthcare access and services including making an appointment to filling out paperwork. It showed an increase of stress, isolation and additional responsibilities. Cultural beliefs about healthcare are directly affecting South Sudanese refugees’ expectation of care and services. As these barriers contribute to reducing care and can effectively influence Sudanese refugees short- and long-term health. Many Sudanese refugees undertake both physical and psychological stress during their transition to and arriving in Australia in which increases their risk of developing mental health problems such as depression as it is commonly associated with refugees, they are more likely to develop mental distress compared to non-refugees. Refugees from Sudan (before South Sudanese independence) in Australia has been revealed to have high rates of depression, anxiety post-traumatic stress disorder. Many South Sudanese refugees are more concerned about social determinants of health such as employment, housing and transportation. The barriers that exist for Sudanese refugees are not being familiar with the Australian health system, medical practices such as GPs (General Practitioners) or being treated by a professional of who is the opposite gender. As South Sudanese people, especially women would prefer to be seen by a health professional or staff of the same gender (ACT Health Community Profile, 2014). Additionally, South Sudan born have trust issues towards the Australian health services, as the level of trust has the tendency to be lower for people who experience perceived discrimination towards the wider Australian community. Traditional medicine is extensively practised in South Sudan in which is rooted in West African medicine. Many Sudanese families specialise in herbal medicine in which is an important part of health care in their culture as it is knowledgably passed on from one generation to another. In Australia Sudanese refugees is seen to be related traditional Chinese medicine as it consists of similar health benefits however, it is a cost-effective barrier towards accessing traditional medicine services. Sudanese refugees always expect to be prescribed or recommended for medicine when sick. When the medicine is not obligated their level of trust decreases as they were not explained why in this circumstance. Sudanese refugee experiences lack of awareness of health professionals such as GPs particularly in relation before arriving to Australia. Inadequate cultural skills and knowledge from health professionals additionally, problems with translation and miscommunication. The healthcare system is confusing to many Sudanese refugees as there are numerous amounts of paperwork that is required for healthcare purposes. Due to having little or no knowledge about the Australian health system and their rights to standard treatment. Barriers to accessing primary health care have been identified, including access to language services. There are various interpreters for South Sudanese refugees in Australia who have difficulty understanding the English language or medical terminology that health professionals use in which can increase access to healthcare service. Interpreters who are aware of can help breakdown language barriers and communicate with health professionals to inform traditional cultural values and health behaviour. Opportunity that exist for Sudanese refugee to help access healthcare services is the Victorian Refugee Health Network in which provides information for health services and professionals to work collaboratively to address the needs for refugees. The program support refugees current and previous health and wellbeing. The Refugees and Primary Health Project is focused on developing information and referral pathways to help support primary health care professionals who work with the refugee communities. Additionally, the Australian Nursing Federation special interest group for Refugees and Asylum Seekers that was established in 2007 provides nurses who volunteer or work with refugees in schools, local councils and community health centres including general health settings. Skills and knowledge There is a significant need for a more culturally competent system towards Sudanese refugees in Australia. By addressing the cultural differences of needs that occurs through seeing a health professional that uses difficult medical terminology. It is evident that there is an urgent need for healthcare staff and professionals to use interpreters. Culturally, Sudanese people do not talk about their reproductive health with the opposite gender. In which suggests that healthcare staff members should receive cultural sensitivity training on subjects that include Sudanese culture, traditions, values, beliefs towards health, religion, expectations on delivering healthcare services as well as food and diet. It can be incorporated to increase their overall health and wellness. The lack of culturally appropriate health promotions amongst the Sudanese communities tried to address the necessary lifestyle changes for their health has not been implemented effectively. It is suggested that more support needs to be informed in Dari or Farsi languages as well as giving services that reflects Islamic teachings. The two main religions in Sudan are Islam and Christianity, Islam is the main religion in the North whereas Christianity is more common among the South. Cultural responsiveness is significantly important as it is often a challenge for health professionals to identify with Sudanese refugees. It is important as Sudanese refugee assume that health professionals are culturally responsive in which they have to be ready to learn and accommodate the needs due to differences in ethnic and religious identities. By increasing health professional’s knowledge and skills in Sudanese refugee health that includes, appropriate identification of culture and religion. Health professionals are then able to develop and implement the best practice for being culturally responsive towards their wellbeing. Effectively communicating such as negotiating the cultural