Please note this is a sample exam and a revision slides...The exam will be available tomorrow at 6pm for two hours.- please understand that i have to get the solution from you half an hour or more before the deadline as i have to submit it on time otherwise I'll fail.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Week 12 - Revision Revision 1 Exam • The exam timetable has been released and is available on WES. • The exam is online, open-book, non-invigilated, and timed. • Downloadable exam papers. Downloadable exam paper • At the exam start time you will download the paper and create your answer sheet using Microsoft Word and type your answers in it. The exam duration times below include writing time, 10 minutes reading time and an extra 5 minutes for downloading and uploading files. • We suggest you set alarms to help pace yourself. We strongly recommend you set an alarm for ten minutes before the end time below. Remember, at the end of the time allowed, you must upload the paper and/or answer sheet to be marked. • This exam paper consists of three Mini Cases worth 20 marks each. Each case has 5 questions. Answer all questions. You can create your answer sheet using Microsoft Word and type your responses in it. Clearly label each with the question number. Remember, at the end of the time allowed; you must upload the answer sheet to be marked. Exam Preparation • Sample questions will be ready by 15th June. • Consultations during the exam period. • See Moodle for details. IT Portfolio, Modern Technologies 5 The Internet Be connected to any computer worldwide in a split second Browse, shop, learn, explore Play with friends Stay connected How do we stay anonymous? How do you protect your data, your identity? How do you know where your information and data are stored and come from? How resilient are we in case the Internet ceases to exist? Cloud Computing Never again lose your data Scale indefinitely Pay for what you use From Capex to Opex The environment Global Environmental footprint approximately 3 times that of the worldwide aviation industry Facebook’s Carbon Footprint equaled 55,000 cars on the streets The Internet of Things http://www.kurzweilai.net/ibm-open-sources-internet-of-things-protocol http://trac.nchc.org.tw/grid/wiki/jazz/Work_2010 Everything is connected Your fridge knows when you run out of milk and can send you a message when you are next to a supermarket Everything around you gets intelligent, you save a lot of money and gain convenience Even things that you would not expect to be connected are, telling someone or something about you and your behavior Your fridge will start talking to you as every other item you own Social Networks/Platforms • Social networking • Social profiles • Social network analysis • Social collaboration • Wikis/Blogs/Microbl ogs • Collaborative office • Collaborative Consumption • Social publishing • Content sharing • Content aggregation • Social publishing • Social feedback • Social rating, ranking, commentary • Social content structure Social media is an on-line environment created for the purpose of mass collaboration Wikipedia is social media employing wiki technology Social technologies enable social media Blog: Http://blogs.gartner.com/Anthony_Bradley More and more solutions that will keep you connected with your friends and family Solutions that address what we are: social Consume what your friends recommend Collaborative Consumption (access latent capacity) You are not only connected to friends and family Cyber bullying Social cloud solutions have a memory Collaborative Consumption (safety? Quality? Disruption) Mobile Always connected Never lose touch with your friends and family Have your work environment at your fingertip. Always. Take photos, videos, record your life Crowdsourcing You are always connected! What if you want to spend sometime by yourself? Do you always need to work? Or is it OK to relax every now and then? Mobile blindness – did you ever run into anything because you looked at your mobile? Wearable Technology Augmented reality Your clothes and accessories become intelligent They will let you know when to slow down Additional convenience You don’t need to check your mobile over and over again Who is tracking us? Are we becoming absent when we are present? Am I checking my glass screen or the road ahead of me? Do I really need to know when I am close to getting a heart attack? Advanced Robotics Autonomous (Air) Vehicles Less (deadly) accidents Better resource use Faster deliveries Support everything that humans don’t want to do / are not built to do Tens of thousands of truck and taxi drivers WILL lose their jobs An accident might have been caused by technology not properly working UAVs, civil and military airspace? Artificial Intelligence Cyborg Finance Faster, better decision Higher capacity Automation What do we humans do? Who is accountable if a machine makes a wrong decision? 3D Printing Everything at home, think printer for every physical object Need to repair something? Need a present? Lost a rook in a chess game? Can we create items otherwise impossible to manufacture? What happens to the retail industry? What happens to the logistics industry? Plastic weapons on planes and in court rooms? Your steak out of the printer? What about intellectual property? Enterprise Computing Larger businesses Better business management, real time impact Analysis never seen before Compliance and sustainability revamped 70% of the world economy’s transactions touches an SAP system in one way, shape or form Think about it next time you hit that download or pay button on Apple iTunes, eat chocolate, or drive a car 1. stay connected or be isolated 2. have fun or be depressed 3. buy cheap or get ripped-off 4. drive fast or avoid driving completely 5. study free or have no time to study 6. stay healthy or bring all junk home 7. make better choices, or bad ones 8. live longer or shorter 9. have more likes or have 3 best friends 10. make better decisions or delegate it to others 11. be competitive or kill your competitor 12. have better productivity • The roles of IT, impacted us in three main ways: Automate, Informate and Transform Impact of IT The DARK side of IT 1. Piracy 2. Privacy 3. Techno-Stress 4. Social Death 5. Globalization Where do we start? User Needs and Preferences Business Goals of the organization Strategy and the role of IT 19 20 Who What When How Where Why A goal has to be measurable and actionable. What is strategy based on? • Cost efficiency • Time efficiency • Effectiveness • Novelty / uniqueness • Product • Service • Market • Consistency 21 Competitive intelligence tools Identifying Competitive Advantages Baltzan et al., (2014) Porter’s Five Forces Model 23 Baltzan et al., (2014) Supply Chain 24 Baltzan et al., (2014) Three Generic Strategies 25 Baltzan et al., (2014) Value Chain Analysis Baltzan et al., (2014) Two main approaches of designing a strategy from IT • IT as an enabler – we have a strategy, what is the role of IT • IT as a trigger – we have IT, how can we create a strategy Levels of strategy • Competitive / Business strategy (How to compete in each distinct business or industry) • Group or Corporate Strategy (The company’s mix of businesses and the way that business unit strategies are integrated) • Product / service strategy (How a particular product or service line approaches strategy) • Operational strategy (How operationally we attain certain goals) 28 Examples of IT systems assigned to support primary and support activities Infrastructure Use of corporate Intranet for internal communications HR B2E portals Technology CAD Procurement Use of e-marketplaces, web-based e-procurement systems Inbound logistics Production Outbound Logistics Marketing and Sales Service EDI, e- procurement Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Web-based order-tracking system CRM System for local troubleshooting So… where is IT? Developing IT Strategies using Modern Technology Portfolio 30 What are firms faced with that they need IT for? • Competitiveness • Market leadership • New market entrants • Disruptive businesses • Macro-economic and social conditions • Political instabilities • Globalization • Market volatility • In general, IT will allow you to do a business better, faster … 31 What IT do we have? • SMAC-IT • Enterprise Systems • Security • Technologies are getting more accessible (not just the technology, but also the vendors, network of providers…) • In recent times, technology limitations are getting less 32 Strategizing with technologies… Prospective Future effectiveness Reactive Current effectiveness Proactive Competitiveness Isolated Efficiency Goal Seeking Strategy Formulation Issue Based Problem solving Top-down Business Driven Bottom-up Technology Driven 33 Digital Strategy • A digital strategy is the application of new technologies to existing business activity and/or a focus on the enablement of new digital capabilities to their business. • “To succeed today, companies need a unique value proposition that incorporates digital technologies in a way that is difficult for competitors to replicate” (Ross et. al., 2017) 34 Digital strategy basics… Customer Engagement Digitized Solutions Operational Backbone Transform business models (not just thinking about products and services…I am looking at solving customer problems) Facilitates Operational Excellence (late 90s…operational efficiencies, it is no longer ‘optional,’ reliable, standardized, efficient) Transform Go- to-market (Think about the customers… - Personalization - Service faster - Life engagement) Who What When How Where Why A goal has to be SMART. © Ross et al. (2017) MIT 35 What are core considerations… • Pick one strategy … perhaps sequential is the best way • Start from operational backbone • Be clear about strengthening the backbone • Customer engagement • Focus on the customer journey (not just a one-off sale) • Consider the organizational maturity • The focus should not only be with IT…see whether you have resources, staff, skills, culture, etc. 36 Strategic Alignment, Balance and Risk 37 Metrics: Measuring Success • Metrics measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals • Goals & Objectives of Strategies: • Create high-quality products • Retain competitive advantages • Reduce product costs • Increase customer satisfaction • Recruit and retain the best professionals 38 Key performance indicators (KPIs) • KPIs - the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress towards its critical success factors • Turnover rates of employees • Number of product returns • Number of new customers • Average customer spending • External KPI -