Please see attached a dataset file and the assignment instructions and questions. Please send the results as a word document and NOT a SAS file. Please include all code and results as it pertains to the questions.
DataSet IDGENAGELOSRACECORR Ira Leeds: Ira Leeds: Race Values corrected to reflect Javier's incorrect use of "1" for black. In this set, "1" is white, "2" is blackCOUNTRYXPSITECOPUHIVCD4ADMARVPreviousTBDMMISCHomelessPRISONAlcoholAbuseDrugUseDruguse_IDUDEATH 733414062081173000squamous cell csrcinoma perianal recibio quimio en mayo01001101 725915002020199000crypocoical meningitis001110 330704214205116100cardiomiopathy, neuroshipilis, dementia111100 330015602021184010hepatitis c111110 32911461020111240000001100 3250038020501883010GC,Chlam001100 32481491720111198000111101 3236031721811800malaria, person tb in epipto100000 3222141320611155000011000 32151433910211161000altered mental status, cat bite on leg, hepatitis c011110 3199142132171137000traumatic history leg right amputation, hep B000000 31980391320711118010herpes perirectal ,gonorrhea000010 3182039820511118010herpesperirectal000010 3166163910111214000laryngectomy by cancer 12 years001000 3142134412091163000010000 31361351120201377001001000 31321421620811174010011100 31261261041101190000000010 3122124542020131010epididymitis011 3105155132051194000001000 303915491051128000roomate tb001000 3033151620601244000left sided blindnesss001000 2973046920411238000breast disorder000000 29671414320511196000syphilis,chlamydia101110 2944142582081111000schizofrenia,111100 294113092081127100001100 2936135020211185100schizofrenia,syphilis100010 292512511515012000necrotizing colitis, gonorrea 3 years before000000 28640372120811113010000110 28241371220201670000001001 2818139101081156000101111 2799137020511368000001100 2798147172020135010chronic renal inssuficiency001111 279714482081166000roommate TB 1994101001 2781141392020131000syphilis,000001 27801521820201510000110 273914082061100001010 2731131412051110100syphilis,chlamydia000000 26720561120411959000lupus001000 267013381060139901DiabetesI111110 266513310419115800000000 26271362020201173000asthma100101 26141611620811229000dilated cardiomiopathy000000 2592144124011195000seizures, trombocitopenia010110 256113314102012520000110 25370354202017800001000 2508126422020116000011 248903311418118000schizofrenia,000000 2486044102031133110bipolarmentalstatus001100 2477128720611270000trombocitopenia purpura100000 2466145520511000001000 243913192051140000000000 24351381420511400000hepatitis B,C101001 24100312208116200101110 23691351010201101100000 23381400205014000011110 2313140512081110001100 230113216202012430011100 226303882081111101000010 220604017218111800000000 2198153020801500 2187132142020110510000000 21451325208114400000001 211413512418115900sister tb001000 2076037242090118000lymphoma,breast mass000000 2057134020511338001011110 2008135820811140000010100 1924136320711000000001 191203022050139810000000 19051271320611175000000000 1847134342081155000011101 175602892061182000Friend 6m TBP001100 174814172051165000dental abscess001000 1734124352081114110uncle tb000001 17321302521501261000000 1692133202051123400incresed heart size001110 16871261210501318000000100 168514318208111751000110 16020403320811125000001100 1587136102051125800uncle and neighbord TB001000 157014015208011001 156914732217018000lymphoma000001 1566137420511104000001000 1532128152081173000schizofrenia, brother tbp001110 150515256108114000001 149913017203012710001100 144415035208115000HepatitisC+001111 143114817208116201000001 14281385520811280100 1414041720601010Mother die tuberculosis001001 141013902051121010dermatitis by antiphimics010111 14071315220811800101111 132814327208015100001101 1321134352051148010schizofrenia100000 13141313205110010 12911400208111011left deep venous thrombosis111001 12901381820511100000pericarditis in 74,gonorrea,shypilis and chlamydia001100 1263133133208110001111 1262136020501515000111100 1248127720611135000010011 0001142312090128210000000ERROR:#REF! 000513778020123401000110ERROR:#REF! 00061446202015800000000ERROR:#REF! 001114992021144000000100ERROR:#REF! 0015156472080150100HTN00010ERROR:#REF! 00160393020201301010110ERROR:#REF! 00191426215012000001000ERROR:#REF! 00231421282020115910000000ERROR:#REF! 00251281820201264100HTN00000ERROR:#REF! 0026143134150117800000000ERROR:#REF! 002804352120175000Herpes Zoster, Neurosyphilis00100ERROR:#REF! 00291401980901200000Hepatitis C00000ERROR:#REF! 003013914202012500000110ERROR:#REF! 003216362150114900000000ERROR:#REF! 0033030411205011000000000ERROR:#REF! 00341501920211300000000ERROR:#REF! 00351446805116000000011ERROR:#REF! 0040145820201223000Emphysema01100ERROR:#REF! 004414792050122201000000ERROR:#REF! 0047143803012500000000ERROR:#REF! 0048147992020113800000000ERROR:#REF! 004904142150114000000000ERROR:#REF! 00561412202012000011010ERROR:#REF! 0057142218010182010000000ERROR:#REF! 0063045720901224000HTN00110ERROR:#REF! 006414262021111000Tox IgG pos, shingles, syphilis10000ERROR:#REF! 0070034621201275110Schisto, Zoster, Herpes Simplex, MAC00000ERROR:#REF! 0075032821501140000HTN00000ERROR:#REF! 00781572320201156000MAC00011ERROR:#REF! 0080036521101363000gential herpes00000ERROR:#REF! 008116114419114800000010ERROR:#REF! 0082128520011700000010ERROR:#REF! 00850345215118500000000ERROR:#REF! 008815392050113300010010ERROR:#REF! 00901394219111500000100ERROR:#REF! 009114715190141900000000ERROR:#REF! 0092033178051133000Seizure disorder01110ERROR:#REF! 009514972021112700001110ERROR:#REF! 0096129920501110010G6PD, Malaria00000ERROR:#REF! 00971417205112800000010ERROR:#REF! 010314532021115000HepB, HepC01110ERROR:#REF! 010613504120118100010000ERROR:#REF! 01091520212014900000000ERROR:#REF! 011113972050115100001110ERROR:#REF! 011204112202016700000110ERROR:#REF! 0113148172090111200000000ERROR:#REF! 01140412202112400000000ERROR:#REF! 011705872202011900000000ERROR:#REF! 01180444205113600000000ERROR:#REF! 0120125820201270000"Crohn's" (wrong diagnosis)00100ERROR:#REF! 0122145272010113200000000ERROR:#REF! 012613418412015400000000ERROR:#REF! 01271611920501203000MAC00000ERROR:#REF! 012902215212011200000000ERROR:#REF! 7383034182170000paraplegia by gunshot000000 73310228206000000000 7319066142040000Hepatitis C portal triaditis000000 3296136820610001110 3268166582021010500demency101110 3243145102060000001100 3200147102060000epilipsy,schizofrenia, l5 old fracture101000 318302404150000pregnant 32 weeks000000 316503953051000coworker tb011000 3143043182021000000000 3099037452050000tumor breast, lupus 12 years old000001 308302378412000pregnant 32 weeks000000 305613342160000001000 3041045152091000tirotoxicosis, thyroid enlarged,dediastinal msass 000000 3026123142050000010100 2996049152061000Hypotiroid, Congestive Heart Failure000000 298704062070000001000 29710349215006600000000 2924130292010048400schizofrenia,001000 2916141242070000asthma010100 2909124135161000000000 2895131212051000000000 284503502070000000000 283914902050001renal insufficiency 000000 2830121292070000010100 2813146282020000cardiopathy, hepatitis c101100 27931262641100462000001000 275514692060000001000 27491565202000101100 272903702070001schizofrenia,000000 272202604150014480 gr baby000000 2717135182081000osteomielitis tibia since 97, tenosynovitis right hand001001 2690153122081058500deliorium tremens by alcohol,renal failure, hepatitis by alcohol001001 268103107150000000000 2677129211020000000000 266816342020000001000 266312302150000schizofrenia100100 2634126142071000011100 2626078952031001renal insufficiency 000000 257813852010000sarcoidosis? Syphilis011100 257616813516103280000 2575135112040000Crohn disease with prednisone 20 mgs per day001000 256814842061000010110 255408902050000Cardiopathy000000 2547134620200929000110 25461388515000000 254412762050000seizures001100 2530155232020000Hyperuricemia he takes predniosone and colchicine, hypertensive101000 25050495205000mother tb001100 24781687206000CVA in past, renal inssuficiency000000 2446144162010000000000 23930329716100000000 2392157602060000feet bilateral celulitis101000 238415648102105221 232316348201000 231912662060000011100 23001333020400000110 229902001150000uveitis000000 229513642050000exposuretb 7-8 months, asthma000000 22760374206100001100 226104022051000hypertension,mother diabetes000000 2247135682061057900seizure mild atrophy CT101000 220404002010000011100 21810520205000mitralvalveprolapse000000 217004372021000000001 213804910209001exposedtb15 years ago000000 2126045112081000001001 211312942060000000100 211113820212000 210414742061023800lung cancer adeno001000 209514720206000gamopathy monoclonalmultiple mieloma100000 208104114206100000000 20600335206000101110 202712202050000000000 20231190215000 2022135172010010011100 201216802050000amyloidosis000000 190903502150000melanoma recto000000 188602937215100BCG histiory000000 18740340106000 1812133122060000011100 17730250205000 17661370413000 1722033882061000001110 1578143182061000101000 15521292520610schizofrenia11100 152418213208100001001 15031370208000 1484036142060000 146114892061000IRC in 200200110 1438123137201000gonorrheae001100 1371047481061010schizofrenia000000 13550210206000pregnant00 132602802020010gonohrrea001100 1322052342020000schizofrenia,000000 131208493202100amput knee left 94000001 1275138232040011 1264138202060000Friend 6m TBP111110 126114902060000Roomate with TB000 122704562061000Father TB 1963, cervical cancer 1972001000 0002138142120000000000ERROR:#REF! 000315072050001000100ERROR:#REF! 0004037112020001000000ERROR:#REF! 000912965190000001000ERROR:#REF! 001003594150000000000ERROR:#REF! 001212194120000000000ERROR:#REF! 00181276920210000cirrhosis, nonlethal gunshot x200100ERROR:#REF! 0021038021500000HTN00000ERROR:#REF! 002402762091000000110ERROR:#REF! 003113477150001000000ERROR:#REF! 00361532520500000Mod. MR,00100ERROR:#REF! 0037027147190000000000ERROR:#REF! 0038087572020000000000ERROR:#REF! 0041102030000000000ERROR:#REF! 0042138374120000000100ERROR:#REF! 0043120864120000000000ERROR:#REF! 004514662090000000100ERROR:#REF! 004606310320910000HTN00000ERROR:#REF! 005213432190000000000ERROR:#REF! 0054145112090000100000ERROR:#REF! 005513162150000000000ERROR:#REF! 005902162090000000000ERROR:#REF! 0065048020910001schizophrenia, HTN00110ERROR:#REF! 006715042050000001100ERROR:#REF! 006803302050000000000ERROR:#REF! 006915382091000000100ERROR:#REF! 00710302150000000000ERROR:#REF! 007203214150000000000ERROR:#REF! 0073136262020000011100ERROR:#REF! 007402904150000000000ERROR:#REF! 007603612150000000000ERROR:#REF! 00771785020900000HTN, DJD00000ERROR:#REF! 007913304180000000000ERROR:#REF! 0084136122120000000000ERROR:#REF! 008712372090000000010ERROR:#REF! 008914182090000000000ERROR:#REF! 00931368021000000100ERROR:#REF! 009403102110000000000ERROR:#REF! 0099148112091000000010ERROR:#REF! 010016552090000000100ERROR:#REF! 01010252150000000000ERROR:#REF! 0102142152081000001110ERROR:#REF! Dictionary Variable NameTypeDescriptionValues Label AGENumericAge in yearscontinuous ARVNumericCurrently using anti-retroviral0No 1Yes AlcoholAbuseNumericAbuses alcohol0No 1Yes CD4ADMnumericCd4 count at admissioncontinuous COPUnumericConcurrent pulmonary disease0No 1Yes COUNTRYnumericPlace of birth0US 1Foreign DEATHnumericDied during treatment0No 1Yes DMnumericHas diabetes mellitus 0No 1Yes DrugUsenumeric Uses illegal drugs0No 1Yes Druguse_IDUnumericInjection drug use0No 1Yes GENnumericBiologic sex 0Female 1Male HIVnumericHIV status0Negative 1Positive Homelessnumericcurrently homeless0No 1Yes IDnumericstudy IDcontinuous LOSnumericLength of hospital staycontinuous MISCcharacterMiscelaneous comments PRISONnumericTB diagnosed in prison0No 1Yes PreviousTBnumericHistory of active TB disease0No 1Yes RACECORRnumericSelf reported race/ethnicity1White 2Black 3American Indian or Alaskan Native 4Non hispanic black 5Asian 6Other 7Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander 8Two or more races XPSITEnumericSite of extra pulmonary TB1Bone/Joint 2CNS/Meningeal 3GU 4GI/Peritoneal 5Lymphatic 6Pleural 7Misc (inc. pericardial) 8Disseminated 9Multiple Location (not disseminated) Analysis Exercise 1 Assignment Purpose: 1. To design and create tables for presentation of epidemiologic data. 2. To apply appropriate statistical tests for bivariate comparisons. 3. To inform model building strategies for future multivariable analysis exercises. Assignment Description: Presentation of epidemiologic data in table format is essential for the communication of study findings. Bivariate analyses, or examining the relation between two variables, is often the first step in inference and is necessary for informed model building strategy. The Analysis Exercise 1 assignment provides students an opportunity to practice creating two bivariate tables using a real dataset. Assignment Instructions: 1. For the assignment use the: i) the course dataset: EPTB 2. Select one variable to be the primary exposure of interest. Select one variable to be the primary outcome of interest. The relation between the selected exposure and outcome variables should be of clinical, biologic, or public health interest. 3. Create a Table 1, which presents the distribution of the primary exposure variable by other participant characteristics in the dataset. · For Table 1, the exposure variable should be a dichotomous variable (or transformed into a dichotomous variable). · Table 1 should have five columns (see example on page 2 of this instruction document); the exposure variable being in the columns and the participant characteristics in the rows. · There must be at least 5 participant characteristics (rows) in Table 1 including a minimum of 1 continuous variable. The primary outcome variable should also be one of the participant characteristics included as a row. 4. Create a Table 2, which presents the distribution of the primary outcome variable by other participant characteristics in the dataset. · For Table 2, the outcome variable should be a dichotomous variable (or transformed into a dichotomous variable). · Table 2 should have five columns; the outcome variable being in the columns and the participant characteristics in the rows. · There must be at lASqzeast 5 participant characteristics in Table 2 including a minimum of 1 continuous variable and the participant characteristics in Table 1. The primary exposure variable should also be one of the participant characteristics included as a row. 5. Answer questions on page 3 of this instruction document which relate to the tables and interpretation of the data. Be sure to read these questions prior to creating the tables. Answers should be typed. 6. Submission and Evaluation The final assignment to be turned in includes: A) answers to questions on page 3 of this instruction document; B) the two tables described above in Assignment Instruction items 3 and 4; and C) SAS (or other statistical software) program code (not output or log). Grading A) The Analysis Exercise 1 will be graded out of 100 points (50 points for tables and 50 points for answers to questions) B) Tables should be created as if for a publication: · Have meaning without any additional information (be a stand-alone document) · Should include footnote details about how missing data was handled · Should include details about statistical tests used to generate p-value · Levels of the covariates should be clearly described if not self-explanatory Questions regarding this assignment: · A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document from previous semesters is posted on Canvas which provides insights into completing the assignment. · Please submit questions related to this assignment via email. Questions related to this assignment that are received via email will be de-identified and posted to a Discussion Board on Canvas along with the instructor’s response. · In order to provide sufficient time to respond, questions may be asked/emailed to the course instructors until Friday, November 8, 2019 at 5 PM. After November 8, instructors will not respond to assignment related questions. Table 1 Example Participant Characteristics Exposed N=100 N (%) Not Exposed N=? Total N=? P-valueA Age, years Median (IQR) 34.5 (14.0-60.5) 52.5 (16.0-88.5) 42.0 (15.0-72.5) 0.09 Sex Male Female Missing 55 (55.6)B 44 (44.4) 1 Characteristic 3 Characteristic 4 Characteristic 5 Primary outcome variable No Yes Abbreviations: For any acronyms used, explain here. For example: IQR, interquartile range A. Indicate which statistical test was used for each variable with a superscript or other notation. B. Indicate if row or column percentages were used. Analysis Exercise 1 Table Questions Question 1. Titles Each table should have a descriptive title. List the titles for your Table 1 and Table 2 here: 1A. Table 1 title: 1B. Table 2 title Question 2. Exposure table 2A. What was the primary exposure variable chosen for Table 1? 2B. How many participants were in each of the two exposure categories? 2C. How were participants who had missing values of the primary exposure handled? Question 3. Outcome table 3A. What was the primary outcome variable chosen for Table 2? 3B. How many participants were in each of the two outcome categories? 3C. How were participants who had missing values of the primary outcome handled? Question 4. Continuous variable statistical testing 4A. State a participant characteristic that was included as a continuous variable in Table 1. 4B. What statistical test was used to compare this continuous variable across exposure categories? Justify your decision to use this statistical test. 4C. What was the null hypothesis of the statistical test used? 4D. Provide a correct interpretation of the p-value in one sentence. Question 5. Categorical variable statistical testing 5A. State a participant characteristic that was included as a categorical variable in Table 2. 5B. What statistical test was used to compare this categorical variable across outcome categories? Justify your decision to use this statistical test. 5C. What was the null hypothesis of the statistical test used? 5D. Provide a correct interpretation of the p-value in one sentence. Question 6. Interpretation of findings 6A. Using one sentence, describe the association between the primary exposure and primary outcome variables chosen. Report a measure of association and 95% confidence interval for the association. 6B. Which, if any, of the participant characteristics are likely confounding the relation between the primary exposure and outcome variables? Using one or two sentences, justify the answer with information generated in Table 1 and Table 2. 3