Please see attachments. PLEASE ONLY DO QUESTION 1 & 2
QUESTION # 1 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) Topic: Policy Cycle, Policy Formation, and Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Actions “Let us never forget that government is ourselves and not an alien power over us. The ultimate rulers of our democracy are not a President and senators and congressmen and government officials, but the voters of this country.” --Franklin D. Roosevelt The policy cycle is a process that explains how public policy is created, implemented, and evaluated. Although there are many different variations of the public policy cycle, we shall use a simplified, four step public policy cycle: Step 1: Agenda Setting How public policy concerns are understood and how various interests highlight the public policy concern. Step 2: Policy Formation The crafting of public policy solutions. Public policy solutions are mostly addressed through legislation or regulation. Step 3: Policy Implementation How public policy is applied via federal, state, and/or local endeavors. Step 4: Policy Evaluation How public policy is assessed: success or failure. Policy formation is the second step of the policy cycle. Often, it is the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the U.S. government that affect public policy via policy formation. Policy formation at government level typically involves regulation, management, education, taxing, and market incentives (Kraft, 2018). The Second Amendment is a prime example of how executive, legislative, and judicial branches influenced public policy through policy formation. The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution: "A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." However, since the ratification of the Constitution in 1789 the 2nd Amendment continues to be interpreted and amended via executive, legislative, and judicial actions. There is little that is “well-regulated” about current American gun policy. The following policy formation examples highlight one executive, legislative, and judicial action: · On February 20, 2018, the White House issued a Presidential Memorandum that requested the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives investigate how to regulate bump stocks and other devices (White House, 2018). Later that year the Department of Justice instructed to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to outlaw bump stocks because the addition of this device fell “within the definition of “machinegun” under federal law, as such devices allow a shooter of a semiautomatic firearm to initiate a continuous firing cycle with a single pull of the trigger” (ATF, n.d.). · On June 26, 1934 Congress passed the National Firearms Act. This legislation required firearms to be registered and taxed. In addition, the following weapons were outlawed: “shotguns and rifles having barrels less than 18 inches in length, certain firearms described as “any other weapons,” machineguns, and firearm mufflers and silencers” (ATF, n.d.). · District of Columbia v Heller, 2008. In 2001, Washington D.C. passed municipal legislation that required registration of guns (with qualifications on what guns could or could not be registered) and that all guns stored within homes to be kept “unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock." Dick Heller, a police officer, sued the District of Columbia because he was not allowed to register his semi-automatic handgun within his home. The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment’s right to bear arms could not be restricted by the District of Columbia’s municipal legislation (Heller v D.C., 2008). Directions: Using the required, academic readings, and supplemental academic research, please address the following while adhering to the Discussion Board Rubric: · Select a specific example of public policy from one of the following fields: · Economic policy · An example of economic policy is U.S. budget deficit spending. · Education policy · An example of education policy is the implementation of national education standards. · Environmental policy · An example of environmental policy is the Clean Air Act. · Foreign policy · An example of foreign policy is how we conduct trade with other countries. · Healthcare policy · An example of healthcare policy is the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) · Welfare policy · An example of welfare policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). · Review the official website of the three branches of U.S. government: The White House, Congress, and the Supreme Court. · White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/ · United States Congress: https://www.congress.gov/ · Supreme Court: https://www.supremecourt.gov/ · Conduct a keyword search of the official websites for public policies pertinent to your chosen public policy. Each website of three branches of government include a search option on the top of each page. · Select a total of two examples from executive legislative, or judicial actions that have helped or hindered your chosen, public policy. You can pick from the different branches or you can pick two from the same branch. · Summarize the executive, legislative, and/or judicial actions. · How do these examples inform the public policy cycle? QUESTION #2 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” --Thomas Jefferson Policy theories are academic models that seek to understand why some public policies are implemented or not implemented. Those concerned with an analysis of public policy use policy theories to understand the intersection of policy-making and public policy. Whereas there are many, many different policy theories; you will focus on elite theory, group theory, and institutional theory. · Elite theory is premised on the idea that a small group of elites affect public policies. These elites could further understand as political elites (important members of government), social elites (movie stars, musicians, athletes, etc.), or economic elites (Wall Street, the 1%, etc.). · Group theory is premised on the idea that groups of individuals advocate a common, public policy concern, that then affects public policy. Groups span the political, economic, and social public policy spectrum. Here are a couple of groups that advocate particular, public policies: pro-life advocates (Susan B Anthony List), pro-choice advocates (Planned Parenthood), gun rights advocates (National Rifle Association), and gun control advocates (Everytown for Gun Safety.) · Institutional theory is premised on the idea that institutions affect public policies. Whereas government (both in the capacity of federalism and the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) is typically the focus of institutional theorists; other institutions such as corporations, non-profits, political parties, etc., can also affect public policy. It is the collective interaction of these various institutions that results in policy formation. *See the Unit 4 Overview for a detailed example how Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) resulted from an amalgamation of institutional input. Using the following outline template, craft a full sentence outline. Lumen’s Principles of Public Speaking has an excellent example of a full sentence outline. Please include the following: · Select two specific examples of public policy from one of the following fields: · Economic policy · An example of economic policy is U.S. budget deficit spending. · Education policy · An example of education policy is the implementation of national education standards. · Environmental policy · An example of environmental policy is the Clean Air Act. · Foreign policy · An example of foreign policy is how we conduct trade with other countries. · Healthcare policy · An example of healthcare policy is the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) · Welfare policy · An example of welfare policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). · For each example, explain how this public policy can be analyzed by one of the following policy theories: elite theory, group theory, and/or institutional theory. · Why is your chosen policy choice better than the other theories? · Support your response with at least two different reasons. · What are the strengths and/or flaws of using this policy theory within your example? · Support your response with at least two different examples. · How does your chosen, policy theory inform the policy cycle within your example? · Support your examples with information from the text and at least two, additional academic sources. · Correct grammar and syntax. · APA format. QUESTION # 3 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) Discussion Overview Topic: Food for Energy The kitchen may be the one room in which most people are aware of the different systems and units of measurements used in the house and around the world. In the United States (U.S.), milk is bought by the gallon, sugar by the pound, soda by the liter, and cereal by the ounce. After you unpack your groceries you store some in the freezer at 0°F or indulge in a snack by baking a treat in your preheated oven at 350°F. As you can see, you can encounter many different units of measurement just in the kitchen. Humans need food for energy. The amount of energy in a food can also be measured as calories. There is a relationship between the amount of energy we take in and the energy we expend every day. Eating foods from all food groups is important, but how do you decide what to eat? Each meal should be evaluated to include the proper food groups and nutrients. As you work through the questions for this unit, feel free to conduct your own research using the skills you have acquired for assessing the credibility of scientific information. To start this week’s Discussion, review the information found at the website below and address the following questions: · U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Choose MyPlate. https://www.choosemyplate.gov/ · U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). MyPlate Plan. Choose MyPlate. https://www.choosemyplate.gov/resources/MyPlatePlan 1. Why do different people require different amounts of food and therefore energy? Identify the daily recommended caloric intake for your age and sex using the MyPlate Plan. 2. Calories are simply a form of measurement. a. Choose your favorite food and provide the caloric information for 1 serving. b. Provide an example of the amount of an activity needed to burn off that much energy. c. What else do you commonly measure in relation to food? 3. What food groups are necessary for a balanced meal? How do you measure a portion? 4. Culture, personal experience, and the environment impact human health. Provide an example of how children or adults make food choices unrelated to their body’s needs? 5. Childhood obesity is an increasing problem in the United States. Propose a way to educate children about food choices and how food can impact their health. QUESTION # 4 ( SEE ATTACHED TEMPLATE) QUESTION # 5 ( NO WORD REQUIREMENT) Topic: Motivation What is motivation? Does Maslow’s theory provide a supervisor with any tools to use in dealing with employees? What would motivate you on the job?