PRACTICE EXERCISES
Assume that a research team plans to initiate a cultural sensitivity training program to
help improve Lion−Zebra relations. To assess the effectiveness of the program, researchers
have developed a measure titled Lion’s Openness to the Value of Embracing Zebras
(LOVEZ). The measure consists of the following items, which are rated on a 5-point
scale of agreement (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree):
1. Zebras should be hugged and not eaten.
2. Herd life is immoral.
3. Pride life is the only acceptable way to live.
4. Zebra culture offers an important contribution to life on the savanna.
Note that items 2 and 3 should be reversed when scoring. Table 6.1 presents the data
for eight lions collected prior to their participation in the sensitivity training. For this
data set, complete the following exercises:
1. Reverse score the appropriate items
by subtracting each score from the
appropriate constant. (Hint: You will
not be able to use 8 as the constant.)
2. Create a variable representing the sum
of the LOVEZ items. Be sure to use
the appropriate reverse-scored items.
3. Create a variable representing the mean
of the LOVEZ items.
4. Create a variable representing the
sample Z-scores of the sum of the
LOVEZ items.
5. Create a variable representing the population Z-score of the sum of the LOVEZ
items.