Research plan
Running Head: RESEARCH PLAN1 RESEARCH PLAN8 RESEARCH PLAN Table of Contents Introduction3 Definition of key terms3 Research Questions3 Research Objectives4 Rationale4 Literature Review4 Methodology5 References7 Introduction Autism is referred as developmental disability remains with an individual throughout the lifespan. It symptoms appears in early childhood and impacts the communication, social skills, self-regulations and relationships in the society. Some signs which are helpful in diagnosing autism: (i) There can be repetitions in language and movements for instance, hand flapping, sounds or any other movement. (ii) The person is not comfortable by changes and gets distressed due to it. (iii) Specific toy or topic can be of persistent and strong interest to an individual. (iv) They speak late as compared to others. (v) They do not like confusion and need to involve in activities, which are predictable. In Australia one in 150 people is suffering from autism. This disorder is found more in boys as compared to girls. Though the symptoms are present right from infancy stage but normally it get identified by the age of 2 or 3 years. As per report it is estimated that nearly 353,890 people are in autism spectrum constituting 40% of the population. Parents also learn how to manage their child and seek counselling sessions to adjust with behavioural patterns. Creating a positive environment is the need to support developmental progress in these children. Definition of key terms Autism: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a nervous disorder which affects the physical, cognitive, emotional and social health of an individual. Research Questions Q1 How the additional needs of children suffering from autism can be accommodated? Q2 What are the difficulties faced in the present service’s capability? Q3 What can be done to ensure that learning of autistic children is contributing to their growth? Research Objectives · To research on overall health and well-being of autistic children through present methods. · To understand the challenges of autistic behaviours and their impact on present strategies · To develop new and improved interventions. Rationale It is quite evident from the available literature that the amount of research done in this field is lagging behind as compared to other disorders. Some experts in earlier times believed that this is due to the fact that parenting failure is one of the reasons behind it. In 1970s the greatest work showcased by Dr Bernard Rimland and his colleagues. He introduced autism as neurodevelopment disorder requiring behavioural interventions to derive benefit out of it. Medicinal treatments are not much impactful and leads to other side effects as well. Due to varies subject groups clinical trials were unable to show any concrete results in this direction. Therefore, the behavioural treatments are targeted and their impacts are observed at regular periods so that outcomes can be improved with modified interventions. The research in autism literature is not powerful enough to judge the clinical trials and guide a researcher on its positivity or negativity. This research is important for society as it will help to understand the neurodevelopmental disorder more closely and help to relate cohesive and dynamic strategies with the research outcome. It will also be helpful n extensive research in the same direction exploring possibilities of potential treatments. Literature Review According to Garrad, Rayner and Pedersen (2019) in last ten years the number of autistic children are on rise. In the present scenario it is one of the challenge to streamline the inlcusivity of such children to education system. The behaviour of teacher’s towards such children is a concerning because their attitude refelcts their experience and need for training to deal with such students. Garrad, Rayner and Pedersen (2019) also mentioned that their training plays a major role in modifying stigma around the society. Rather dividing the students ito different groups under ASD they should be considered as one bog group and their special needs should be accommodated. The political and social policy can also be influential in changing their attitude towards inclusion of such children and looking after the present sysem it is highly positive. For instance, the current policies are followers of United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2001 ensuring progression of autistic children at different levels. As a modern strategy in the field of autism technology is highly recommended as it helps to use innovative means to support neurodevepmental process of children. As per Wedyan et.al (2022) understanding the emotions and feelings of others is one of the most difficult task for autistic children. As a result it creates hindrance in communication for them. Augmented reality (AR) is one of the solution as it is capable enough in creating environments which can decrease the anxiety level among children. For example: disgust happiness, sadness, fear, surprise and anger are six basic expressions. Through different simulations children can identify them and related with them. The biggest thing is they feel secure and comfortable in such environment (Wedyan et.al, 2022). It has ben proved that AR has high reliability, endurance and can be optimized usage in this field. It is therapeutic for people suffering from ASD especially children and have high potential in it. The literature authored by Shen and Piven (2022) the biggest challenge in the life of autistic patients is the early detection of the disorder so that prompt treatment can be provided to them. The behavioural features which are helpful in diagnosis are prevalent until the age of 2 and requires systematic research in the area. Shen and Piven (2022) indicated that infant sibling is one such design studying the recurrence risk. it helps to indetofy the higher risk in siblings who might can have ASD. The authors also believed that in order to create poistive impact from the strategies it is required to have parental and societal intervention in a positive direction as well. The acceptability towards ASD and helping the family to cope with the symptoms is the best remedy to be inclusive. However, the psychological impacts on parents are still at a level where they need counselling on regular basis to avoid vulnerable outcomes on their health. According to Rogers (2018) one of the difficulty proves to be barrierin service’s capability is the high cost of treatment. The cost of supporting individual child is high which makes parents burdened even more. Rogers (2018) by citing examples of US and UK says that it is one of the ost expensive treatmnets in these countries because it only impacts the child or adult but also the acregiver along with it. This literature was not of much use as it did not cater to the spcificity of the questions for research. Though it porved to be quite helpful in looking the topic from a different perspective as it guides on policy outlines which can can support families to get discounts for ASD treatments. It will also encourage government to support researchers in the area to bring innovative solutions so that early diagnosis can be done. Advance practices can be developed to ensure progression in the developemnt and learning of autistic children. Nomura et.al (2020) highlights parental stres as one of the feature which is an additional need of autistic child. The author explained it with relation to the growth of child. If parents are in huge stress it will affect the communictaion between them. It might led child feel unwanted and increase violent behaviour patterns in him. Nomura et.al (2020) conducted a study on controlled group of parents and found that the stress levels was on higher side. Fathers were more depressed as compared to mothers and mothers were the ones who believed in taking innovative routes to deal with ASD in their child. They found to be more hopeful in implementing strategies and not allowing negative emotions to reach to their child. Though parents are doing heir part sincerely to give stress free interaction but the study reflected their inclination towards impairment hus creating stress. Methodology For the proposed research a combination of primary and secondary research will be used. Data will be critically reviewed and relevant information will be derived out of it. The study will include parents as participants and they will be interviewed to understand how treatments are making difference in the lives of children. What are there opinions about present treatments and what changes they expect in near future. It will also include questions helpful in gaining insights from their experiences and the degree of independency achieved by their child. The sensitive information will not be disclosed and all the findings will used for the academic purpose only. Qualitative secondary research will be opted to deal with resources available online. It will involve reading and shortlisting scholar articles referring latest ones form the year 2018. The articles will be analysed considering the differences and similarities in them and will be guiding towards deciding the themes for the study. This will also contribute in collecting data rather solely being dependent on the opinions of the experts. The interpretivism philosophy will be applied to the present research as already conducted researches in autism will be interpreted by the researcher. Due consideration will be given to ethical principles and the work of experts will be recognised in the research. Timeline Task and Time 1st-2nd week 2nd -4th week 4th -6th week 6th – 9th week 9th – 15th weeks 15th -20th week 20th – 22nd week 23rd -24th week 25th week 26th week Topic Selection and Introduction · Literature Review · Research Methodology · Design of Data Collection Methods · Data Collection · Data Analysis and Presentation · · Conclusion and Recommendations · Proof- Reading · Printing, Binding and Submission · References Garrad, T. A., Rayner, C., & Pedersen, S. (2019). Attitudes of Australian primary school teachers towards the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19(1), 58-67. Nomura, S., Okamitsu, M., Yago, S., Nagata, N., Katsumoto, S., Arai, K., ... & Miyao, M. (2020). Characteristics of Parents and Their Infants with Autistic Behaviors: Parent-Infant Interaction, Parental Depression, and Parenting Stress. Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 67, 31-39. Rogers, T. M. (2018). The political economy of autism(Doctoral dissertation). Shen, M. D., & Piven, J. (2022). Brain and behavior development in autism from birth through infancy. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. Wedyan, M., Falah, J., Alturki, R., Giannopulu, I., Alfalah, S. F., Elshaweesh, O., & Al-Jumaily, A. (2021)