Small molecule therapeutics are used to treat cancers using a variety of different modes of action. Using examples which you have studied discuss: i) drug targets for the treatment of cancer...

Small Molecule Therapeutics
Abstract
Diseases like cancer have always been a concern for mankind since the genesis. The human race has been working on various ways to tackle these diseases with more precision. Cancer has been the reason for millions of deaths worldwide in the recent past.
Though mankind has studied and researched to bring up new treatment methods for cancer, the traditional methods of cure have shown various after effects. Initially, these traditional methods of treating cancers were more of a generalized and not so precise dosage of medications, injected to the blood of the recipients' body, which were absorbed by the blood and carried around the whole body. Because of which, certain side effects of these drugs were inevitable and were used to be shown in various parts.
But with the emerging evolution in healthcare medication, technologies such as small molecule therapy have successfully replaced these aftermaths. In this paper, the process of small molecule therapy and it's therapeutic agents are discussed.
Introduction
Cancer has been a challenging disease that has been infecting the mankind since centuries. Treatment for cancers has always been on attention for researchers and developers, inventing more effective and reasonable medications for the same. Various techniques of introducing new anti-bodies in the host immune system has been invented over the time, out of which therapeutic cancer treatments is an unique modality. In this system the host immune system is aided by concurrent or subsequent therapies. The constant vigilance of immunotherapy has been recognised as efficient, in addition to the standard cancer cures. But traditional cancer treatments have often shown severe and inevitable side effects due to its incapability of differentiating normal and cancerous growth cells. Therefore the courses of more targeted treatment tactics are extensively studied and researched by the scientists. These treatment methods are generally s500Da size and are often introduced to the host immune body orally. These treatment compounds are more precise in achieving their objectives as they are smaller and more targeted external defence system in comparisons to the traditional cancer medications, avoiding the enormous chances of creating any side effects in the recipients’ body.
Drug targets for the treatment of cancer (including classes of bio-molecule and/or specific proteins)
Targeted cancer treatment drugs were sanctioned in 1997 making the targeted therapy the heart of more precise and accurate treatment device of cancers. The significance of the targeted therapy drugs were acknowledged over the time as well as its vitality in the targeted cancer cures methods (Sinobiological.com. 2021). Different drug targets have been recognized for diverse malignant cells growing in humans.
· Lung cancer: being one of the most contributing cancers to the mortality rate worldwide, lung cancer has always been on the attention of the researchers and developers, introducing new remedies for lung cancer treatments. For the targeted treatments of lung cancer EGFR, ALK, VEGF/VEGFR, PDGF/PDGFR, PD-1/PD-L1, ROS1. HER2 are the key player drugs. Few of the small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies of these drugs have shown unique results in the targeted treatments.
· Breast cancer: for the significant drug targets of breast cancer therapy, CDK4/CDK6 works for affecting the cell cycle, mTOR purposes in cell apoptosis and VEGF-A working on angiogenesis. But then again HER2 remains the most researched and administered targeted drugs for breast cancer, with two approved monoclonal antibody drugs and one small molecular inhibitor (Seetrainingr.cancer.gov. 2021).
· Bladder cancer: for the therapy of bladder cancer, immunotherapy is the vital key to the...