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Resource HCA-699 Evaluation Table Template Authors/Year of Citation Research Design Data Collection Methods Sample Characteristics Key Findings Adam Clark, Geoff Goodman & Christina Petitti. (2018) Experimental External Treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) provide outstanding effects, according to psychotherapy outcome literature. Brief, evidence-based treatments for depressed people have been shown to be effective in several studies. MDD, however, continues to have a catastrophic impact on modern society. It is the biggest cause of disability in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Given the implications of scholarly literature, this fact is unexpected. When long-term, psychodynamically influenced therapies were used, most patients with MDD had full remission and improved outcomes, according to a historical review of MDD therapy. An examination of the managed care system, which maintains the short intervention paradigm for MDD, is presented. This is followed by a case study that demonstrates the harm that managed care may do to MDD patients who are not allowed to get longer-term therapy. There are implications and suggestions for psychologists to act at the micro and macro levels. Gabrielade Moraes Costa, Fabricio BatistinZanatta, Patricia KlarmannZiegelmann, Alcina JulianaSoares Barros, Carlos FernandoMello. (2020) Descriptive External Topiramate, risperidone, quetiapine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and sertraline are all recommended by the NMA as effective pharmacological treatments for PTSD. The weakness of quetiapine and topiramate is that they are based on a few small trials, but the clinically significant reduction in symptoms is notable and warrants more research. The acceptance of fluoxetine was comparatively high among the pharmacological therapies with evidence of effectiveness compared to placebo. To our knowledge, this is the most recent NMA on the topic, and the addition of new medicines represents a significant expansion of prior meta-analyses, allowing for a greater number of drug comparisons. Peter A. Coventry, Nick Meader, Hollie Melton, Melanie Temple, Holly Dale, Kath Wright, Marylène Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias. (2020) Experimental Internal Armed war, forceful displacement, childhood sexual abuse, and marital violence have all been linked to complex traumatic experiences. People who are exposed to complicated traumatic experiences are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as other mental health issues. While evidence-based psychological and pharmacological therapies for single-event PTSD have been shown to be helpful, it is unknown if persons who have suffered multiple traumatic experiences would benefit from and tolerate these widely accessible treatments. Furthermore, it is unknown which aspects of psychological treatments are most helpful in treating this population's PTSD. Ali A. El-Solh, Nathan O’Brien, Morohunfolu Akinnusi, Sumit Patel, Leela Vanguru & Chathura Wijewardena. (2019) Experimental Internal Insomnia is a well-known co-morbid illness that has significant psychological and societal effects in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is regarded an effective treatment, treatment response in this demographic has received little study. The goal of this study was to find variables that might predict how well veterans with PTSD responded to CBT for insomnia (CBT-I). Sarah M.Farmer (2021) Descriptive Internal Although the use of animals as therapeutic treatments in the treatment of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is growing increasingly widespread, there is still a study vacuum addressing its effects. When it comes to alternative and complementary therapy alternatives, the current PTSD treatment recommendations take a neutral stance. Animals may be useful for relieving symptoms as well as crucial in the care and recovery of veterans with PTSD, according to the research. The gold standard for treatment is pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. This pilot study looks at the influence of therapy animals on PTSD symptoms in a community outpatient support group of US veterans with self-reported PTSD symptoms over the course of three months. The creation and implementation of this initiative was guided by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model. Lisa H Glassman, Margaret-Anne Mackintosh, Stephanie Y Wells, Induni Wickremasinghe, Kristen H Walter, Leslie A Morland. (2020) Descriptive External The impact of evidence-based therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on quality of life (QOL) remains unknown. Given the varied outcomes on QOL following PTSD treatments, little is understood about why some people improve their functional and QOL while others do not. Treatment-related changes in depression, anger, and PTSD after cognitive processing therapy (CPT) were investigated as possible predictors of QOL change in this study. Different symptoms for men and women following evidence-based PTSD therapy may predict improvements in QOL. The data show that for women, changes in depression symptoms are a strong predictor of post-treatment QOL, but for males, anger symptoms are more relevant. In the context of PTSD therapy, QOL and functioning are understudied, and this study implies that these domains should be investigated in the context of gender. John H. Krystal, Lori L. Davis, Thomas C. Neylan, Murray Raskind, Paula P. Schnurr, Murray B. Stein, Jennifer Vessicchio. (2017) Experimental External A serious lack of progress in the psychopharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder must be addressed immediately (PTSD). Ineffectively treated PTSD has a huge clinical, social, and economical cost. The significant changes in familial, occupational, and social settings exacerbate the impact of PTSD morbidity and death. The need to assist military personnel who developed PTSD as a result of their military service has taken on significant priority for the Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Defence (DoD), i.e., institutions that are vehicles for the expression of the national debt to military personnel who developed PTSD as a result of their military service. One out of every ten VA healthcare consumers has been diagnosed with PTSD, including one out of every four veterans seeking treatment for the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. PTSD is the sixth most common mental condition in the United States, with an annual incidence of around 8% in the general population and slightly under 4% in the present year. Meis, L. A., Noorbaloochi, S., Hagel Campbell, E. M., Erbes, C. R., Polusny, M. A., Velasquez, T. L., Bangerter, A., Cutting, A., Eftekhari, A., Rosen, C. S., Tuerk, P. W., Burmeister, L. B., & Spoont, M. R.. (2019) Experimental Internal One in every three veterans will drop out of trauma-focused posttraumatic stress disorder therapy (PTSD). Treatment retention may be influenced by social settings in particular. They looked at the influence of social control (direct attempts by loved ones to urge veterans to participate in treatment and face distress) and symptom accommodation (changes in loved ones' behavior to minimize veterans' PTSD-related suffering) in predicting treatment dropout. Veterans and their loved ones were polled at four VA facilities. All of the veterans (n = 272 dyads) were starting extended exposure treatment or cognitive processing therapy. An examination of VA hospital records revealed that dropout was coded. Traditional, individual-focused variables that impact treatment dropout were accounted for in regression models. Even after controlling for these variables, soldiers who said their loved ones urged them to face their anguish were twice as likely to stay in PTSD treatment as warriors who said their loved ones did not encourage them to face their distress. Juan AntonioMoriana, MarioGálvez-Lara, JorgeCorpas. (2017) Descriptive Internal Evidence-based psychological treatments are now considered best practice for the treatment of mental illnesses by the majority of mental health services across the world. The goal of this study was to look at evidence-based treatments for mental disorders in adults from RCTs, reviews, meta-analyses, guides, and lists provided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the American Psychological Association (APA), Cochrane, and the Australian Psychological Society (APS). To evaluate the amount of agreement across the organizations, 135 therapies for 23 mental illnesses were reviewed and compared. The findings show that there is minimal agreement among organizations in most situations, and that there are numerous differences within specific diseases. These findings need a reconsideration of the meaning ascribed to evidence-based practice in the context of psychological therapies. The potential causes of these discrepancies are addressed. Proposals to unite the criteria that integrate the reality of clinical practice with a scientific viewpoint were examined based on these findings. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2021) Experimental Internal After a traumatic experience such as military conflict, a physical attack, or a natural disaster, PTSD can develop. While tension is typical following a stressful experience, persons with PTSD frequently repeat the event in their minds. They may also feel cut off from friends and family, and they may have rage that does not go away or worsens with time. PTSD can affect people who have been through a variety of life-threatening experiences. According to the National Center for PTSD at the VA, around 8% of the population will have PTSD at some time in their lives. PTSD is frequently linked to war trauma among veterans. Many Veterans who now receive VA health care have suffered a considerable financial loss as a result. According to the National Center for PTSD, the frequency of PTSD in Veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan is between 11 and 20 percent. PTSD can be caused by military sexual trauma (MST), which can affect both men and women. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2018) Descriptive Internal Although some children have a natural remission of PTSD symptoms after a few months, a large percentage of children will continue to experience symptoms for years if they are not treated. For children and adolescents, trauma-focused psychotherapies have the strongest empirical evidence. CBT is the most effective treatment for children, according to research. Trauma-Focused CBT is the treatment with the most empirical proof (TF-CBT). The kid directly discussing the traumatic experience (exposure), anxiety management strategies such as relaxation and assertiveness training, and correction of erroneous or distorted trauma related thinking are all part of TF-CBT. Although there is considerable debate about exposing children to frightening experiences, exposure-based therapies appear to be most effective when the kid is distressed by memories or reminders of the trauma. Children can be progressively introduced to the situation and given relaxation techniques so that they can learn to relax while recalling their memories. They realize that they do not have to be scared of their memories as a result of this process. Wharton, T., Whitworth, J., Macauley, E., & Malone, M. (2019) Experimental External The goal of this study was to see how effective and feasible equine-facilitated cognitive processing therapy (EF-CPT) is for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a manualized adaptation of the cognitive processing therapy model championed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, in which equine-facilitated activities are integrated into face-to-face sessions.